Cycling Sun Organic Agriculture--The Direction of World Agricultural Development

Li Xiangyuan

I. Historical Review and Status Quo of Agricultural Development

From the development of traditional agriculture to modern petrochemical agriculture, a large number of fertilizers, pesticides, plastic film, and hormones are widely used in agricultural production. There are more than 100 years abroad and they have been introduced to China for more than 50 years. It has indeed played a very big positive role in solving the problem of eating in China, which has a population of over a billion people. However, the development of today's petrochemical agriculture has given rise to various insurmountable negative impacts on human living environment and human development, such as: the decreasing utilization rate of fertilizers, the maintenance of existing production, and the cost of agricultural inputs. The soil organic matter content is getting higher and lower; the soil organic matter content is getting lower and lower, the capacity of ventilation and water storage and fertilizer maintenance is greatly reduced, the physical and chemical structure is destroyed, and the soil-borne diseases are becoming increasingly serious; the resistance and resistance to poison of pest insects are gradually enhanced, and it is difficult to control; the safety of agricultural products is increasing. In the coming and coming people’s attention has been caused, the quality has declined, and the residue and residue of drugs have exceeded the standard. The anomalous phenomenon “the food is not fragrant, the melon is not sweet, and the food is odorless” has emerged, and it poses an increasingly serious threat to human health. In recent years, many agricultural experts in the world have carried out new explorations in the direction of agricultural development, but it is difficult to jump out of the dilemma of “low yield, high quality, and low yield”.

Second, the three major shifts in the cycle of solar organic agriculture

(1) Turning mainly from inorganic chemical fertilizers to organic fertilizers from agricultural residues, and realizing the rational recycling of agricultural resources.

As we all know, the earliest model of modern agricultural development originated in Western countries, with the United States as the main representative, and later introduced to China. These countries first realized the industrialization revolution. Naturally, they used the thinking of industrialized production to operate agricultural production. Industrial production requires a certain amount of raw materials. After processing in the workshop, a certain amount of products are produced. No more raw materials, no more waste, must be strictly accounted for. This is the thinking of industrial production. Western countries use this type of thinking in industrial production to operate agricultural production: Fertilizer is equivalent to raw materials, soil is equivalent to workshops, and agricultural products are equivalent to industrial products. It is based on this idea that it is necessary to invest in corresponding NPK fertilizers in order to obtain high yields. In turn, a certain amount of NPK fertilizers will yield correspondingly high yields. In a word, fertilizer input and agricultural products The output is proportional. Affected by this kind of thinking, for many years, our farmers and agro-technical extension workers have formed the idea that as long as the fertilizer is used for more inputs, it will be able to achieve high yields. Facts have proved that this understanding is very one-sided, and there is an essential difference between industrial production and agricultural production. Industrial production is an exact quantification process. Input and output are strictly proportional to each other. The agricultural production is an organic transformation process. It is affected by many uncontrollable uncertainties such as the soil, the crop itself, the natural temperature of the sun, and so on. Therefore, the input and output of fertilizers are not necessarily proportional to each other, and even the opposite occurs. effect. For example, in the past few years, television and newspaper media have called on the Chinese people to be seriously deficient in calcium. For many years, the diseases caused by calcium deficiency are still many. Later it was discovered that the human body did not provide calcium nutrition to directly absorb it, and now it is proposed that calcium absorption is the key. Similarly, the lower and lower fertilizer utilization rate has now become a major bottleneck restricting agricultural production and efficiency. In order to maintain the existing output, farmers have to increase the amount of fertilizer used, leading to rising costs of agricultural inputs, not only did not receive the expected high efficiency, but brought a series of problems mentioned above. Using this industrialized thinking to manage agriculture, after each crop is harvested, crop residues (roots, straw, etc.) are brought out of the field, the organic nutrients in the crop residues cannot return to the soil, and only people rely on fertilizers every season. To supplement the nutrients taken away by the soil not only increases the cost of agriculture, but more seriously, it breaks the virtuous cycle of agricultural nutrient resources, making the content of organic matter in the soil less and less, and the carrying capacity of the soil continues to decline. Cycling Sun Organic Agriculture emphasizes that when crops are harvested, crop residues are returned to the soil to provide nutrients for the next crop. The natural decomposition of crop residues is slow and can not release nutrients in time for the absorption of current crops. It must rely on modern microbial fermentative decomposing technology (organic material decomposing agent). For facility cultivation, in the field head, livestock and poultry manure, straw, leaves, grass, peanuts and vines are used as raw materials, and decomposing agents are added in proportion to mix and accumulate and ferment, and quick and high-quality organic fertilizer can be produced within 20-30 days. In the process of fermentation, it can effectively kill the harmful pathogenic bacteria, parasite eggs, and weed seeds in the fermentation. For field crops, after the straw is crushed and returned to the field, the decomposition agent is directly spread in the field evenly. The rotting and decomposing agent microorganisms rapidly decomposes the straw, providing nutrients for the current season crop, and greatly reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer used. The organic material decomposer is also a necessary technology for the biological straw reactor (geothermy hotbed technology). The continuous use of this technology will eventually realize the recycling of agricultural nutrient resources and will also play the following roles:

1. It can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, improve the structure of soil aggregates, increase the content of trace elements, promote the growth and reproduction of soil beneficial microorganisms, inhibit pests and diseases, and provide a good soil environment for organic agriculture through soil conversion.

2. Gradually reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. When the soil organic matter content reaches 3%, basically no fertilizer is used.

3, improve crop quality, increase fruit sugar, vitamins, protein content.

4. Probiotic bacteria convert inorganic nitrogen in the air into organic nitrogen (such as amino acids) through photosynthesis and can be directly used for crop absorption and utilization.

5, beneficial bacteria produce many substances in life activities, can change the nutritional environment around the crop rhizosphere, activation of phosphorus and potassium and other mineral elements, is conducive to root absorption and utilization.

6, beneficial bacteria secrete hormones, affect the content of hormones in crops, and then have a profound impact on the growth and development of plants and physiological metabolism.

7. The increase of beneficial bacteria can limit the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms and inhibit the root diseases of various crops. Many enzymes secreted by beneficial bacteria can increase the activity of enzymes in crops and increase resistance to disease and stress.

(2) From focusing on providing a good external growth environment for crops to turning to inducing and activating the crop's own various stress resistance as its focus and landing point.

In agricultural production, we use a large number of pesticide mulch, the purpose is to provide a good growth environment for crop growth. Based on this understanding, we will continue to increase the amount of pesticides, so that the resistance and resistance to viruses of pathogenic pests will gradually increase. Prevention. Crops survived in the long-term era and experienced adverse conditions such as drought, floods, cold, high temperatures, diseases, and insect pests, and they stored benign genes that were resistant to various adverse environments. Some of these benign genes are dormant, some are degraded, some are weakened, and some are recessive. Through certain technical means, the activation of these benign genes can be demonstrated and resisted by various adverse factors in the outside world, and the use of chemical pesticides can be greatly reduced, and the purpose of increasing production and efficiency can still be achieved. As an aid to the use of some biological pesticides, basically no longer use chemical pesticides, completely solve the hazards of chemical pesticides to humans.

(3) Focusing on the promotion of high yields from fertilizers and water to increase the photosynthesis of crops, and open up new ways for agriculture to increase production.

Once, I talked with an agricultural technician. I asked: “In the past, rural villages often saw large trees on both sides of the street. They were lush and flourishing. There must have been nutritious supplies before they could grow so well. Where did its nutrition come from?” the agricultural technician immediately answered: “From the soil "Ah," I asked again, "Every year after year, no one has given it nutrients in the soil, and the root system is basically such a large absorption area. Is there so much nutrition in the soil?" He thought again. Said: "The leaves fall back to the soil." I said: "In the past, when the countryside was poor and the leaves fell, they were soon swept away to feed livestock or set fire to cooking." He did not speak for a moment.

Since modern petrochemical agriculture, the majority of peasants and agricultural technicians have come up with fertilizers and immediately thought of NPK, forming a ideological understanding of fertilizers, water, and high yields. In fact, the true bulk of the crop needs is hydrocarbon oxygen. All the green plants in the world rely on sunlight for photosynthesis to survive, grow, bloom, and produce results. The plant absorbs sunlight from the leaf surface and absorbs carbon dioxide from the leaf's back. Under the effect of its own chlorophyll, it completes photosynthesis and manufactures nutrients it needs. It transports the plant's epidermis to the roots and other parts, and simultaneously releases the oxygen released during the conversion process. In the atmosphere, this is the photosynthesis of crops. This is the intrinsic reason for the luxuriant tree branches. The increase in grain production is mainly due to the increase of carbohydrates, and its increase in production is mainly determined by the efficiency of sunlight and fertilizers. The proportions of sunlight and fertilizer in the carbohydrate synthesis process are: sunlight accounts for 96%, fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) accounts for 3.6%, and trace elements account for 0.4%. The role of sunlight is mainly the photosynthetic of foliage. It converts carbon dioxide and water in the air into self-carbohydrates and produces output. Therefore, in modern petrochemical agriculture, the ratio of production increase and base ratio mobilized by people is 4%, and the increase in production costs is too high. Simply put, if there is no sunlight, the crop is grown on fertilizer and it will not grow. After the Spring Festival in 2009, about 40 days of cold weather in Shandong Province, greenhouses, fruits and vegetables are generally unable to bear fruit, even if the fruit does not expand, this is the reason.

Closely related to human life are mainly carbon 3 and carbon 4 plants. Carbon three plants (such as wheat, rice) and carbon four plants, compared to the high point of light saturation of the sun's absorption of light compensation point, so the absorption surface is relatively narrow, carbon metabolism pathways and distribution efficiency is not very high, so light and efficiency Relatively low, so the output is low.

Carbon 4 plants (such as corn and sorghum) have high absorptivity to sunlight and high photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in high yields. However, the temperature requirements are relatively high, and photooxidation and photo-rhythm interference are prone to occur in some regions.

Increasing the light and efficiency of carbon three plants and the efficiency of carbon four plants absorbing light energy is to increase the yield of crops, and more importantly, the improvement of the quality of crops and the improvement of resistance because all the enhancements of quality and resistance are high consumption. The energy is two or three times more than the energy consumed by the increase in production. Therefore, in the past, large-scale production of large-scale fertilizers was able to increase production obviously, but at the cost of reducing invisible quality and resistance. Cycling sunlight organic agriculture is centered on greatly increasing the photosynthesis of crops, mobilizing the ratio of yield-increasing factors is 96%, affirming high yield and quality, and at the same time improving the crop's own resistance. To put it plainly, a significant increase in photosynthesis of crops means a significant increase in crop yield, increase of crop resistance, and enhancement of crop quality.

Cycling sunlight organic agriculture solves a series of problems brought about by petrochemical agriculture, truly realizing the healthy organic development of the human, soil, crop, and sunlight air systems in the natural world, and is the most effective way to realize low agricultural output, high output, high quality, high efficiency, and sustainable development. Effective ways are the most advanced means to solve the food problems in China and the world.

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