First, the basic situation of rotten fruit The occurrence of rotten fruit in the fruit tree cultivation is a normal phenomenon, there is no dirty fruit orchard, but it has a certain limit, beyond this limit is an abnormal rotting fruit. Fei County Mingtao Electronic Co.,Ltd , https://www.yourbeautyassistant.com
According to the specific natural conditions and current technical level of our county, 70% of the orchard's growing season's cumulative rotting fruit rate is controlled below 5%, and below 30%, the fruit orchard rotting rate is between 5-10%, less than 1% and An orchard with a rate of more than 10% rotten fruit is an isolated phenomenon and is a normal rotten fruit. According to surveys and feedback from farmers, the overall estimate is that apple orchards in this year account for the majority of orchards with 5-10% rotten fruit rate, and those that control fruit rotting rates below 5% account for only a small percentage, and are larger than 10%. There are many fruit orchards with a high rate of rotten fruit. Individual farm households have almost lost their income because of rotten fruit. This is not normal.
There are two main types of diseases that cause rotting fruit. The first type is infestation diseases, mainly rotenone, anthrax, and phytophthora and brown rot. The second category is physiological diseases, mainly caused by calcium deficiency caused by pox spot disease. In the middle and late July, the rotten fruit is mainly phytophthora rot, but also some anthrax diseases, which mainly occur in gold and marshal varieties. Since August, rotten fruit has been dominated by ringworm disease and anthrax, and pox spot disease has now occurred on Fuji apple varieties.
Many farmers have asked to curb the cure for rotting. Today, if temperatures rise again, it is difficult to control rotting. According to years of experimental research, no one drug can control the spread of lesions. The expansion of lesions is not actually a drug effect, but a disease of the fruit spot caused by lesions of the spot which are not widespread by the disease itself, and the measures that can be taken at present:
1 continue to spray normally to minimize the incidence of fruit;
2 Remove the disease and concentrate on destruction;
3 positive contact, sell as soon as possible.
Here, the technical analysis of the causes of rotten fruit is mainly to guide everyone, sum up experience, learn lessons, and do a good job in the production of fruit products in the future, and put all technical measures into practice to prevent the occurrence of abnormal rotting.
Second, technical analysis and analysis: This year, the technical reasons for abnormal rotting have the following four points, namely, a large number of bacteria, weak trees, hot weather, poor control efficiency.
1. The major pathogens caused by a large number of pathogenic bacteria are infestation diseases. The bacterial source directly affects the disease infestation and prevention and control effects. In the specific high-temperature and humid climate conditions in our county, various measures are taken to reduce the pathogenicity base itself. Vital specific measures. In the winter and this spring, the work of winter shearing, clearing of the garden, and scraping the bark was not implemented properly. There was a large number of trees. In the budding period, the winter shear work was hurriedly completed, and the clean garden and the scraping of the skin were carried out meticulously. It has not been carried out at all. The pathogenic base is large and unprecedented. this is one. Second, in the critical period of disease infestation, the number of pathogenic bacteria is large. The early growth of fruit is resistant to expansion, and it is not resistant to infection. The anti-infection is not resistant to expansion at the late stage of growth. Therefore, the general rule of fruit disease manifests as early infection and later onset. The young fruit period in May and June is the key period for preventing and infecting all kinds of invasive diseases of fruit trees. In addition, pathogenic bacteria infestation process requires a conidial device or conidium plate to absorb water, expand, burst, and invade. The process of dyeing, to complete such a program, must have a rainfall process, the rainfall exceeds 10mm, can cause a large number of diseases to infect. Before June 25th, the county continued to suffer from excessive drought, and it was quite unfavorable for various pathogens to invade. The number of latent accumulations of various pathogenic bacteria was large. Once a rainfall process occurred, the spores emitted were much higher than normal years. The main segments were around May 20, when the rainfall was more than 18mm; then from June 21st to 28th, except for June 23rd, continuous rainfall for 7 days, the rainfall was generally above 180mm. Disease investigation shows that the most prominent feature of the orchards with few rotting fruits is that the spraying of pesticides is timely and the medicine is used to counter the road before and after these two rainfalls.
2. The tree's weak tree vigor is strong and its disease resistance is strong. On the contrary, it is weak. In cultivation practice, this phenomenon is also very obvious. Prior to June 25, persistent excessive drought had severely weakened the tree, causing a large number of dead and damaged root and capillary roots. Long-term drought and heavy rainfall, and poor drainage in individual orchards, have a greater impact on the tree body. The survey also found that low-lying land, poorly-drained orchards, and orchards that are not watered and drought-fighting are seriously ill.
In addition, as far as the fruit is concerned, the pre-excessive drought, the outflow of fruit water, continuous heavy rain, the fruit absorbs water, and in the case of severe root damage, fruit growth and nutrition are not followed, vitality is weak, neither resistant to disease infection, nor resistant to Disease expansion, more rain and rainfall provide an opportunity for germination and infestation of pathogenic bacteria that lurk in the soil. Thus, an epidemic rot disease dominates in the middle and late July, and anthrax is paid for the rotten fruit peak.
3. In hot weather in 1998, abnormal high temperatures in September caused a lot of rotten fruit. This year, rotten fruit disease has taken place. It also has an important relationship with the weather.
According to meteorological data analysis of our county, the average temperature in June, July and August is higher than the average year. The average daily temperature in June is 0.4°C higher than the 40-month average temperature, 0.9°C higher in July and 1.4°C higher in August. Especially in August, the monthly average temperature is the highest in recent years. In July and August, the combination of high temperatures and heavy rains provided superior conditions for the infection of diseases. In addition, this year's rainfall also has characteristics. The number of consecutive rainfalls for more than three days is not only favorable for disease development, but also brings difficulties for prevention and control. The relatively high temperature persistence has a significant impact on the early onset of disease. In normal years, the accumulated rotting fruit rate in the growing season only accounts for 1/3-1/4 of the infected fruit, and one month after harvest, the amount of rotten fruit is large and the temperature is high. Affect disease incubation period, early onset, thus forming another rotten fruit peak in August.
4. Poor effect prevention and control efficacy is poor. On the whole, disease investigation shows that the orchards with less than 5% cumulative fruit rotting rate still account for a certain percentage. To date, there are sporadic distributions of orchards with fruit rotting rate less than 1%. This shows that In this year's special climatic conditions, it is possible to achieve better control efficiency. The most accurate survey data are our fungicides screening test sites. 15 trees were surveyed and the total number of fruits was 1724. The accumulated number of rotten fruit was 72, and the cumulative rotting fruit rate was 4.2%. Among them, the best treatment rate was cumulative rotting rate. Only 3.27%.
The reasons for poor control effectiveness are many, and there are direct, indirect, and more-reasonable reasons. We will not discuss this issue and only introduce a few typical phenomena.
1 The total amount of pesticides sold, according to comprehensive analysis of various aspects of information, it is estimated that sales of pesticides this year will be less than 1/3 of the annual average.
2 The day before the rain, more than 80% of the farmers who sprayed medicines were reluctant to fight drugs. From June 21st to June 28th, there was continuous rain for 7 days. There was almost no spraying on the 29th. There were few sprays on the 30th. Most of them sprayed on July 1st, and a few farmers delayed longer.
3 Bordeaux fluid use frequency and prevalence is significantly less than in previous years, pesticides that have not been tested have accounted for more than half of the market share, while the widespread and serious reality of the occurrence of pox spot disease, the promotion of the use of calcium preparations has been slow. Indiscriminate use of drugs, misleading farmers' "technical guidance" is unimpeded, and even individual pesticide manufacturers and other pesticide companies can issue technical solutions.
4 The majority of the farmers who used spray guns sprayed medicine. There were almost no sprays with atomization. And so on, too numerous to mention, the above-mentioned typical phenomena have occurred more often, and it has become common that the effectiveness of control has become inevitable.
Thirdly, reflecting on abnormal rotting fruit is the result of a combination of multiple factors. The lack of enthusiasm for fruit producers and farmers is the basis for the formation of abnormal rotten fruit this year. Except for weather factors that are artificially difficult to change, the rest are such as bacteria. Many sources, weak trees, and poor control effectiveness are all artificial variables. This involves the functions of the departments, the direction of work, the propaganda and training of science popularization, the improvement of technical decision-making systems and technical service systems, the issue of technical functions, technical responsibilities and technical power, and the promotion of technology promotion and public relations, and the management of agricultural capital markets. To rectify the problem... In order to prevent or minimize the occurrence of such abnormal phenomena in the future, these human factors must be used to gradually improve and perfect it.