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Comparison of independent ventilation cage and barrier system
Comparison of independent ventilation cage and barrier system
Individual ventilated cages (IVC) refer to independent ventilation in a closed independent unit (cage box or cage) with high air exchange rate, exhaust gas concentrated and efflux, and can be operated in a clean bench. Laboratory experimental equipment for micro SPF laboratory animals in the laboratory. IVC is an independent air supply barrier device in the unit of feeding boxes. The clean air is sent to each independent feeding box to keep the feeding environment clean with a certain pressure box, so as to avoid environmental pollution of animals or animals polluting the environment. All experimental operations are required. In a clean bench or biological cabinet. The barrier system is suitable for breeding specific pathogen free experimental animals. Animals are derived from sterile, biophysical or SPF animal populations. People, animals and items entering the barrier must undergo strict microbiological control. The air enters the barrier system through an inefficient, medium-efficiency and high-efficiency filter, and the cleanliness reaches 10,000. The air-conditioning air supply system is used to form a static corridor, animal room, pollution corridor, and outdoor static pressure gradient to prevent reverse air formation. Pollution. The direction of air, people, animals and articles adopts a one-way circulation route. Workers should wear sterile overalls, masks and hats after showering to minimize direct contact with the animals. The IVC can be understood as a "portable micro-barrier system."
Compared with the barrier system, IVC has the following characteristics: 1. It can provide a high standard microenvironment. Taking cleanliness as an example, the cleanliness of IVC can reach 100, fully meeting the high-level scientific research requirements; 2. The initial investment is small. It is the 1P2 of the investment in traditional barrier systems; 3. Environmental protection. People are well separated from the animal's environment, effectively protecting workers from sensitive sources; 4, energy saving. Taking IVC in an open environment as an example, IVC energy consumption is one-sixteenth of the traditional barrier system; 5. Reduce labor intensity. The IVC has a high number of air exchanges, and the replacement material cycle is extended to 2 to 3 weeks; 6. Anti-cross infection. It solves the problem of cross infection between experimental animals in traditional barrier systems. The purpose of the IVC equipment is to completely separate the operator from the SPF-class experimental animals. The cages are independently air-in and air-discharged, while the barrier facilities are used by personnel to enter the internal environment of SPF-class animals according to certain procedures. The one-room operation method can meet the requirements of the SPF-level experimental animal and animal experimental environmental facilities standards. The specific differences are as follows:
category
project
IVC equipment
Barrier system
Construction
Requirements for the environment outside the cage
Simplified (low)
In line with national standards (high)
Initial investment
low
high
Construction period
short
long
Equipment cost
high
low
Energy consumption
low
high
Power supply or backup power requirements
No mandatory requirements
must have
run
Routine maintenance costs
low
high
Emergency animal transfer
can
No
Equipment versatility
Big
small
Number of air changes in the cage
20 times / h
3 times / h
Humidity inside the cage
small
Big
Ammonia concentration in cage
low
high
Laboratory animal room ammonia concentration
low
high
Protection of staff
it is good
difference
Mass production
low
high
Operation method
complex
simple
A variety of animal experiments in one room
can
No
Animal escape probability
small
Big
Multi-species with a coat of hair
can
No
Speed ​​of transmission of animal infectious diseases
slow
quickly
Animal transport
Convenience
inconvenient
In summary, IVC systems have significant advantages over traditional barrier facilities except for large-scale production units. The IVC system can significantly improve the stocking density of experimental animals in animal rooms, the comfort of animal living environment and prevent cross-infection between cages under the premise of greatly reducing energy. The IVC system can be used in conjunction with a clean workbench or a biosafety cabinet in a common open environment. It is extremely convenient for users with limited funds and limited experimental subjects. The IVC system in the barrier facility will also greatly reduce the operating cost of the barrier system. In normal SPF class animal rooms, the number of air exchanges needs to be 15 times/h. If IVC is used with barrier facilities, the number of air changes can be used. Reduced to 8-10 times / h. Although China attaches great importance to scientific research and proposes to revitalize the country through science and education, the funds for investing in scientific research are still limited. At the same time, China is also a country with energy shortage. China's energy consumption per unit of output is nearly three times higher than the world average and 7 times higher than Japan. Times, the traditional large-scale barrier system has a very large investment, high energy consumption and high operating costs, which is not suitable for China's national conditions. According to expert statistics, the energy consumption of IVC is one-sixteenth of the traditional barrier system under the same animal breeding number. The popularity of IVC will save the country a lot of energy and money. At present, China's clean-grade animals have replaced ordinary-class animals as experimental animals. The demand for IVC in China should be quite extensive. With the popularity of IVC, IVC will become a new milestone in the experimental animal community in China.
references
1. Ouyang Jiandong. Analysis of IVC Market Prospects[J]. Chinese Journal of Comparative Medicine, 2004, 14(2): 121-122
2.Yin Songlin et al.Technical Analysis and Development Prospect of Independent Ventilation Cage [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2005,25(3): 186-189
3. National Standard of Chinese People's Republic of China GB 14925—2001 Laboratory Animal Environment and Facilities
4. Zhu Desheng. Standard Operating Procedures for Operation and Management of Barrier Facilities and IVC Use. 2009