Apricot autumn management techniques

First, soil and fertilizer management

1. Early base fertilizer. Apricot tree basal fertilizer in greenhouses should be in advance of open season cultivation to late summer to early autumn. At this time, basal fertilization is due to the high ground temperature, which is the peak of apricot tree rooting, and the roots are easily healed, which can promote the photosynthesis of shoots and promote flower bud differentiation. Fertilizer is dominated by organic fertilizer. The amount of fertilization is 20% to 30% more than that of open field cultivation. 3000-4000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per acre. Soil fertigation can be carried out in combination with autumn deep turning, so it should be sooner rather than later. Banded fertilization is usually used. At the periphery of the crown projection, a 40 to 50 cm deep groove is used to mechanically apply the fertilizer to the trenches and then the soil is buried. Perfusing once after fertilization will help the settlement of soil and the release and absorption of nutrients.

2. Add green manure. Planting green manure crops between rows of apricot trees, once in the autumn, plowing to the bottom as base fertilizer, followed by watering, can also get a good increase in yield.

3. Foliage dressing. Apricot leaves in greenhouses grow for a long time, and leaves in autumn are prone to premature aging. In the early application of base fertilizer to improve the function of leaves, we should pay attention to foliar dressing, improve leaf quality and function. Common apricot trees are planted in greenhouses. After the beginning of autumn, the leaves are sprayed every 10 days or so, and sprayed for 5 to 7 times. Fertilizers include urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, rare earth microelement fertilizer, amino acid compound fertilizer, and titanium micro fertilizer. Active organic liquid fertilizer is the main fertilizer, which can be used alternately with various fertilizers.

4. Timely irrigation. In the late growth period of the apricot vegetative growth in the greenhouse, timely and appropriate watering is conducive to the synthesis and accumulation of nutrients, which is conducive to the formation of flower buds. Before freezing, antifreeze water is poured to ensure safe wintering. As apricot trees are not tolerant, if there is more rainwater or water accumulation, they should be drained in time to prevent apricot trees from feeling sick due to spasms.

5. Deep plough expansion. Autumn plowing should be carried out before the soil is frozen in the period from August to November. Generally, the plowing depth is about 20 cm. Deep plunging can be done by digging a 60 cm deep groove on the vertical edge of the canopy or digging strips between rows. Do not cut off the rough roots by expanding the tree trays. Topsoil and subsoil should be stacked separately. When backfilling soil, topsoil is mixed with rotten leaves, weeds, dead branches or other farmyard fertilizers and placed in the lower half of the ditch. The original subsoil is placed in the upper half of the ditch. For soil with thin soil layer and poor soil structure, the tree plate should be expanded according to the extension of the root system of apricot tree.

Second, paclobutrazol is used to further improve the nutritional quality of the tree and control the vegetative growth of the apricot tree during its vigorous growing season. In mid-August, foliar spraying of paclobutrazol 300 to 500 mg/L was sprayed once every 10 days for 4 consecutive sprayings.

Third, the autumn pruning Because of the early stage of greenhouse apricot growth, weak light, high temperature, high humidity, easy to cause excessive vegetative growth, thereby affecting the yield and quality. After the fruit is harvested, the tree angle has a relatively stable period. During the production, the tree shape can be fixed with technical measures such as top, pull, stay, and rake. The branch opening angle should be carried out after the branch is stopped from August to September.

Fourth, disease prevention and pest control 8 to September, according to the actual situation, timely spraying pesticide pest control hazards. Every 15 to 20 days, spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times to prevent bacterial perforation of apricot trees. Use 20% fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution to control aphids; use 40% diclofenac EC 1500 times solution or 15% eucalyptus EC 1000 times solution to prevent and control spider mites; use 20% methional Erythromycin 1000 times or 20% of swamp-resistance emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times solution to prevent caterpillars and naval caterpillars. In addition, litter was removed in time to reduce the source of the disease and reduce the wintering base of pests.

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