How to cultivate broccoli seedlings

Appropriate varieties must be selected: early spring varieties selected for spring vegetables, which can be planted in March-April and planted in May; summer cauliflower can be planted in June-July, and seedlings can be planted in 25 days (must have sun and rain protection measures); autumn cauliflower The use of mid-late-maturing varieties with long growing period can be nursed in July and planted in early August. The cauliflower in the winter is planted at a sowing date of about half a month later than that of autumn cauliflower.

First, strong seedling standards. The average seedling age is about 50 days for spring seedlings and about 25 days for summer seedlings. The plant height of the strong seedlings is about 15 cm, with 5-6 true leaves, slightly dark waxy leaves, large and thick leaves, short internodes, short petiole, well-developed root system, multiple fibrous roots, and no pests and diseases in the whole plant. No mechanical damage.

Second, the preparation of bed soil. Selected from the water source, the terrain is high dry, ventilation, soil permeability is good, the former has not been planted Cabbage cabbage and other fertile sandy loam soil as a seedbed, deep-exposure after exposure. Use 6 parts of fertile farmland soil, 3 parts of decomposed horse manure after sifting, 1 part of decomposed manure or pig manure, and evenly mix and spread it in seedbed (5 cm thick).

Third, bed soil disinfection, can be used to prepare medicine soil. Medicinal soil preparation method is: per square meter of bed soil, add 5 grams of quintozene nitrobenzene and zeocin, and then add 15 kilograms of fine soil, mixed evenly into five generations of Jing Jing Yao soil. Before sowing, firstly spread 2/3 of the medicine soil, and then sprinkle 1/3 of the pesticide soil after sowing.

Fourth, choose the variety. The varieties cultivated in the spring mainly include Swiss snowballs, French cauliflower, Dutch spring early, Ye Erfu, etc.; summer cultivation varieties mainly include Baifeng, Xia Xue 40, Xia Xue 50, etc.; autumn and winter leaved varieties mainly select Dutch snowballs. Japan Snow Mountain and so on. Cauliflower production is generally carried out by transplanting seedlings. The sowing volume of 667 square meters is 20-25 grams. In summer and autumn, the sowing period of cauliflower is high temperature and rainy season. It is necessary to increase the seeding rate, generally about 50 grams, and to take measures to reduce the temperature and prevent rain. At the same time, live seedlings are mostly adopted in summer, and the seedling age is generally around 20-25 days.

Fifth, soaking germination. The broccoli seeds were placed in 30-40°C water and soaked for 15 minutes with stirring. The seeds were soaked and then soaked in water at room temperature for about 5 hours, then rinsed clean with water and placed under moisturizing and germination at 25°C. Afterwards, wash with warm water at 25°C for 1 time every 6 hours, and turn the seeds up and down so that the temperature and humidity are uniform. Generally, the buds can be budded in 2-3 days.

Sixth, fine sowing. When the bed soil temperature is stable above 13°C and the temperature is stable above 15°C, it can be sown. The sowing method and procedure are as follows: first planting foot water, and then spreading 10 kg of medicinal soil per square meter of bed soil, followed by sowing, the general sowing rate per square meter is about 10 grams. After sowing, cover 5 kg of medicinal soil per square meter, cover 0.5 cm of fine soil, and finally cover the membrane to moisturize.

Seven, seedling management. Before emergence, keep the temperature at 20°C; after emergence, uncover the mulch and cool to 15-18°C. After the cotyledon is unfolded, the seedlings are 2-3 cm away from the seedlings, and the first sub-seedling can also be performed. When the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, they can be divided into seedlings, or they can be divided into second seedlings. Generally, the seedlings are seeded in nutrients, paper bags or nutritious soil blocks. Before sub-seedling, bed soil should be thoroughly simmered with warm water; after sub-seedling, timely cover small plastic sheds to maintain the temperature around 20°C and keep the soil moist. After easing the seedlings, the small plastic arch shelter was opened to cool and reduce humidity, and the temperature was maintained at 15-18°C. In order to enhance the resistance of seedlings to low temperature and dryness after planting, promote slow seedlings, and carry out low-temperature hardening seedlings 15 days before planting. By gradually increasing the amount of ventilation, the temperature between the seedbed and the humidity drop, and it is generally controlled at about 5°C (so that the seedlings are not frozen). The film on the cold bed was first uncovered, the cover was not covered at night, and the film and cover were gradually removed, so that the temperature of the seed bed gradually approached the ambient temperature, and the film and the cover were completely removed 3 days before the planting. When the seedlings grow to 7-8 leaves, the seedlings can be planted. The seedling age is generally about 60 days.

When sowing seedlings are planted in summer and autumn, due to the hot weather, a small arch shed about 1 meter high shall be erected on the nursery hoe, and the shade on the top shall be shaded. Seeding after 2-3 days after sowing, remove the sunshade on the surface of the noodle in the evening before emergence. The next morning watering until the soil particles are fully wet, continue to water as appropriate, always keep the beds moist. After the first true leaf is grown, it is watered 2 times a day, with less watering or no watering in rainy days. 1-3 true leaves grow seedlings and weeding, leaving only 1 seedling in each nutrient bowl. During the growth period, topdressing is appropriate. After the weeding and weeding, the topdressing of 0.2%-0.3% urea aqueous solution or 10% of diluted human urine is combined with watering. To plant seedlings in the seedling age of about 20, 3-4 true leaves, choose cloudy or sunny evening, according to the size of the seedlings for grade spurification, spacing 8-10 cm square, side shift seedlings, while pouring root water , Shade the side, slowly pouring a thin fertilizer after the seedlings, about 15 to 20 days, 6-7 true leaf when planting. In the field management at the seedling stage, roots must not be harmed to prevent viral diseases. When it rains, it is necessary to drain water in time to prevent flooding. After the hot rain, the garden must be planted to reduce the soil temperature so as to facilitate cultivation of strong seedlings.

VIII. Precautions

1, in the nursery period, pay attention to temperature and humidity adjustment. Under drought and low temperature conditions, young and old seedlings are easily formed. The younger seedlings have small cotyledons and are often deformed. If the temperature is low, the seedlings will grow easily, the seedlings will be thin, the embryonic axis will be long, and the cotyledons will be slender. Such seedlings are susceptible to disease.

2. Seedlings cultivated in the spring should be properly cultivated before planting to adapt to the setting environment.

3. Pay attention to nutrition supply and strengthen field management during the seedling period. If the nitrogen fertilizer is not available at the seedling stage, or if the roots are damaged when transplanting seedlings, the yield will be affected, and the flower bulbs will be small and the quality will be poor.

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