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Occurrence and Control Techniques of Soybean Root Liriomyzae
Soybean rootfly (Ophiomyia shibatsuji Kato), also known as Ophiopogon japonicus, is a single-feeding pest that only harms soybeans and wild soybeans. It is one of the major pests that infested soybean roots in seven cities in Henan in recent years. In 2000, the affected area of ​​soybeans was 0.53 million hm+2, accounting for 15% of the sown area. The number of damaged plants was about 10%, and serious fields were 20%-30%. 1 Symptoms Adult larvae punctured and fed the cotyledons and true leaves of soybean seedlings. The hatched larvae feed on the roots of the seedlings and damage the cortex and wood of the main roots, resulting in strips of scars. The damage to the roots of plants is characterized by underdeveloped roots, coarse roots, browning, dehiscence of the cortex or malformation, or tumors. The aboveground parts of the plants showed weak growth of seedlings, dwarf plants and pale yellow leaves. The victims suffered from lighter root nodules and decreased lateral roots. Plants with severe damage gradually died. 2 Occurrence characteristics Soybean rootmint flies occurred in 1st generation of Qitaihe city. It is wintering in the soil near the root of soybean or the root of the victim. From late May to early June of the following year, adult eclosion emerged from the end of June to mid-early, and the fecundity period was mid-June. The hatching period was from mid-June to late-June. The larval period is about 20d. The mature larvae begin to sow winters from late June to early July. Adults prefer to use young seedlings for feeding and spawning. In the warm sunny days, most of the plants are concentrated in the upper part of the plant; in low temperatures, rainy days or when the wind is strong, they inhabit the back of the lower leaves and use an ovipositor to pierce the leaf epidermis and suck the juice to make the leaves appear many white spots. In near-surface soil, ovipositors are used to pierce the cortex of the seedlings' roots and stems to form brown tunnels in which eggs are produced. The hatched larvae move down the stalk and invade into the roots. 3 Affected due to 1) mouthwash. Different larvae, different degrees of soybean dwarfs occur. The number of overwintering insects in heavily populated lands is relatively heavy and occurs as a serious hazard; According to the survey, the number of victims killed was 30%, and 15% of them were married, and 7.5% of the land was punished. 2) Soil fertility. Soil organic matter content is less than 5%, lack of fertilizer, thin seedlings grow, damage worse. The content of organic matter in the soil is higher than 5%, and sufficient water and fertilizer are used to promote early growth, robust growth and development of the seedlings, and the damage is mitigated. Even if it is damaged, the recovery is fast. 3) Sowing period. Different sowing dates occur at different levels. Sowing late, the land sown after May 20 will be heavy. Because in late sowing plots, when the larvae of Liriomyza sativae thrive, the roots and stems of soybean seedlings are delicate, which is beneficial to their occurrence. 4) Farming methods. Autumn plowing or autumn plowing occurs lightly. Falling deeper than 20cm in autumn can deepen the earthworms and reduce the emergence rate. Qiuyu can bring the overwintering earthworms to the earth's surface during the year, and the mortality rate increases after long-term low temperature and dryness in winter. 4 Control Technology 4.1 Agricultural Control 1) Rational rotation. Implementation of rotation with grass crops for more than 2 years can reduce the degree of damage. 2) Fall ploughing. In the fall or deep fall, the crops that weighed and ploughed were deep-falling more than 40cm immediately after the autumn harvest, and then the ridges and repressions were leveled off. This reduced the winter base number, reduced the insect source, and reduced the damage. 3) Early sowing, timely application of organic fertilizer. Early sowing, do not sow after May 20. The application of farmyard manure should be fully decomposed, reasonably apply chemical fertilizer and trace fertilizer, promote seedling growth and lignification of root bark, and increase resistance to pests. 4.2 Chemical control 1) Seed treatment. The seed coating can be carried out at a seed weight of 1.2%-2.0% using 8% A variety of coatings or 35% Dokafu suspension coating agents. It is also possible to use 40% dimethoate EC (emulsion, the same below) 500-700ml water 4-5kg mixed soybean seeds 100kg. Sow immediately after drying. 2) Spraying insects to control adults. In the period of adult emergence (early to mid-June), before the first compound leaf is released from the soybeans, yellow spots appear on the surface of the cotyledons, and adults are sprayed to prevent and control adults in the fields. Can use 40% dimethoate EC or 80% dichlorvos EC1000 times, can also be used 90% crystal trichlorfon 700 times, every 667m + 2 spray 50L, or pyrethroid pesticides every 667m +230ml add water spray control. The insects were sprayed once more every 7-10 days. Attached: Morphological characteristics Adult body about 3mm, bright black. Compound eyes are large and dark red. The whip of the antennae is flat and short, but not blunt. The wings are light purple; metallic luster. Dark brown. The egg is about 0.4mm long, olive-shaped and white and transparent. Larvae have a body length of about 4mm and are cylindrical and milky white. One pair of front valves, shoe-shaped, with 24-30 valve holes, arranged in 2 rows. The rear valve is a pair, larger, extending from the rear end, perpendicular to the tail shaft, parallel to each other, and has 28 to 41 valve holes on the surface. Approximately 2.2mm long, long oval, black, prominent valve before and after the valve, boots.