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After harvesting citrus fruits, more than 20 diseases can occur during the storage and transportation. Among them, infectious diseases include penicillium, green mold, black rot, coke, and anthrax. Physiological diseases include edema disease. Brown spot and so on.
1. The symptoms of the two diseases of green and green mildew are basically the same. In the early stage, there were water-stained, light-brown, round lesions. The diseased tissue was moist and soft, and the skin of the diseased part was easily broken with the fingers. The diseased department first grew white mycelium and soon it turned into a blue green mold layer. Afterwards, the disease department continues to expand, causing the whole fruit to rot. The symptoms of the two diseases are slightly different. Penicillium: blue, white mold layer with a very narrow, slow decay, rotten fruit does not stick fruit paper, moldy smell. Green mold: blue-green, white mold layer is wider, decay faster, tightly sticky fruit paper, aromatic odor.
2. Fruits of black rot began to develop from the fruit pedicle. Water-stained, light-brown lesions appeared at the beginning of the disease. After expansion, they were slightly sunken and dark brown. The edges of the lesions were irregular. When the weather was wet, the disease minister was initially white and later became a dark green moldy layer. The rotted fruit also had a dark green mold layer. Some fruits do not show symptoms, but fruit and flesh have decayed. Rotten fruit also has a dark green mold layer.
3, coke rot, also known as black pedicel. Occurs before storage of the fruit after harvest. At the beginning of the disease, the skin surrounding the fruit pedicle appeared water-stained and brownish soft rot. After the disease, the lesion quickly spread outwards and the edge was wavy. The skin of the diseased part was dark purple-brown and extremely soft, and the peel was easily crushed. The root of the disease quickly rots from the fruit pedicle to the umbilicus, causing a "heart-wrenching" disease. The disease is black and bitter.
4. Brown pedicel (refer to the symptoms of citrus resin disease, the symptoms of the disease, the disease is caused by citrus resin bacteria.)
5, brown rot Sweet orange fruit occurs more, early onset, brown spots appear on the skin, rapid expansion, within a few days can cause whole fruit rot. Under high-humidity conditions, the disease minister sparsely formed a layer of white mold with an aromatic odor.
6, edema disease This disease is a physiological disease, occurred in the storage period (Peng) orange, sweet orange, and banana fruit and other fruits, characterized by the entire skin and pulp tissue was light brown water stains edema, after Turned dark brown, the flesh produces an alcohol smell and completely loses its value. The symptoms do not show symptoms of soft rot.
7. The initial onset of brown spot disease only showed brown leathery lesions on the oil cell layer of the skin, and finally reached the flesh, resulting in a bad smell of the pulp. Brown, irregular brown spots appear on the skin such as nets, flakes, and spots. The disease is a common physiological disease of orange fruit in the late storage period.
Second, the citrus after harvest (storage period) the occurrence of disease law how? How to control?
Most of the pathogenic bacteria that cause diseases of citrus fruit storage and transportation are of relatively weak parasitic fungi. These pathogens invade the fruits and generally pass through various wounds on the skin. Therefore, if improper measures are taken during collection, transportation and storage, Injury to the fruit increases the chance of developing the disease. Therefore, to reduce the occurrence of diseases during storage and transportation, the following prevention and control measures must be done.
1. To prevent fruit from being damaged during harvesting, storage and transportation.
2. Appropriate early harvesting of harvested fruit can prevent the occurrence of various storage diseases. Do not pick it when it is raining, after the rain, when heavy fog or dew is still dry.
3. Spray the crown fruit about 10 days before fruit harvesting to reduce fruit damage. Can spray 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1200-1500 times or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times.
Citrus Fruit Storage Diseases and Prevention
First, what are the major diseases of citrus after harvest (storage period)?