Onion Four Seasons Cultivation Management Technology

The traditional cultivation methods of welsh onion are mostly summer harvest and winter storage. In order to achieve a balanced supply of welsh onions, scientific and technical personnel improve breed management techniques and apply some simple facilities (small sheds, greenhouses, simple solar greenhouses) by cultivating varieties with strong adaptability. The green onions can be cultivated throughout the year to achieve better results. This article uses the northern part of Henan Province as an example to introduce the four season cultivation methods and management techniques of Welsh onion.

1 Variety selection

For the four seasons, we must choose cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant, heat-resistant, adaptable, long-lasting, long-stemmed, non-differentiated varieties, such as Chinese giant onions, Zhangqiu scallions (high white) or local farm varieties whip pole onions. Onion varieties not suitable for four seasons cultivation.

2 Cultivation methods

From November to March, sowing in a simple solar greenhouse, sowing in a flat crop, and marketing of small shallots from March to May.

In the middle and late 23rd of this month, the plants were planted in small arch sheds, sowed in the flat, and listed in June. It can also be transplanted in mid-June and marketed or stored in winter from October to November.

The planting seedlings were planted in open field in early July, planted and transplanted in the middle and late June, and exposed in winter. The buds were removed from March to April in the following year, and green onions were available from April to May.

Seedlings were sown from July to August, transplanted from early September to the beginning of November, and planted densely (plant spacing 3cm). The field was exposed to winter, and flower buds were removed from March to April in the following year. Shallots were marketed from May to July.

Seedlings are planted in the middle and late of the month of the month and the wintering of the seedbeds will be overwintering. The young will be listed on March and April of the following year.

Seedlings are planted in the middle and late months of May and transplanted in mid-April of the following year. Harvested shallots will be marketed from July to August, or transplanted in June, and marketed and stored in winter from October to November.

From late July to early September, sowing in solar greenhouses, occupants in mid-October, December to February of the following year.

3 Management Technology

3.1 Winter and Spring Seedbed Management

Before wintering, the seedlings should have 2 to 3 leaves. According to the temperature and soil moisture, one overwintering water should be poured before freezing, and then a layer of decomposed farmyard manure should be covered to ensure the safety of the seedlings. In the spring, the temperature rises, and the seedlings enter a period of rapid growth. The first time is between 1 and 2 seedlings, and the seedling distance is about 3 cm. The second is combined with water 2 to 3 times topdressing available nitrogen fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer, each 10 ~ 15kg/667 square meters, to promote the rapid growth of seedlings, or small green onion market or cultivate robust seedlings for transplanting.

3.2 Summer Bed Management

Summer nursery is in high temperature and rainy season, the key to management is to do a good job in the three preventions, one to prevent pests and diseases, the second to prevent grass damage, prevent grass seedlings. Before sowing, after sowing, every 667 square meters with 33% weeding through 100ml spray closed soil, combined with artificial weeding 2 to 3 times, completely eliminate weeds. Three waterproof stains, seedlings to do drought can be poured, can be arranged, can not be seedbed water.

3.3 Transplanting

Before transplanting, adequate base fertilizer should be applied. Every 667 m2 of farmland should be bred with 6,000 kg of quality farmyard manure, 30 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 50 kg of ternary fertilizer, and 1/3 of the total amount of basic fertilizer should be withdrawn. When transplanting, seedlings should be graded. Large and small seedlings cannot be mixed. Shallots can be properly planted, row spacing 60 ~ 70cm, spacing 3 ~ 4cm, made of onion market, then spaced 80cm, spacing 5cm. After transplanting, timely cultivating loose soil and flat ridge should be adopted, and the compaction should be promoted to promote root growth. Combined with water-saving topdressing NPK fertilizer, top-dressing 30 kg at 667 m2 can be cultivated in a timely manner depending on the growth of seedlings to promote the formation of light blue.

4 Pest control

4.1 Underground pests

There are mainly oysters, scallions, and green onion, combined with basic fertilizer before soil tillage, 667 square meters with 3% phoxim granules 3kg, concentrated in the planting ditch when transplanting. The duration of the damage caused by green onions is generally from mid-April to early June and early September to early November. The larvae can be used to irrigate the roots with 50% phoxim 1000 times solution, which is very effective.

.4.2 Ground pests

There are mainly cabbage caterpillars, green onions thrips, leaf miners and red spiders. The control of cabbage caterpillar can be used 10% cypermethrin EC 20 ~ 40ml, 2.5% EC killing EC 15 ~ 25ml, 20% speed kill Ding EC 10 ~ 30ml, spraying water. Control onion thrips, leaf miner can use 50% Dimethoate EC 1000 times or phoxim 1000 times liquid, extermination and killing 4000 times liquid, speed killing Ding 1500 times liquid spray. Prevention of spider mites killing with 1000 times liquid spray. 10 days before the start of the market, stop the medication.

4.3 Diseases

Onion diseases mainly include rust, purple spot, downy mildew, gray mold, black spot, etc. The main prevention and control measures include increasing farmyard manure and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to ensure the plants grow robustly. Diligently cultivating and loosening the soil, spreading moisture, and draining water in time after rain, regulate the microclimate in the field. Small water pouring, to prevent flooding irrigation. Control methods: rust use 25% Triadimef 2000 times; purple spot use 50% carbendazim 500 times; downy mildew use 25% metalaxyl 800 times or chlorothalonil 500 times; gray mold use 20% Dakling 1000 times or 50% fluocin 800 times; black spot use 50% carbendazim 800 times or 70% thiophanate 1000 times. Spray every 5-7 days, 2 or 3 times in a row.

5 Heavy Soil Treatment Technology

Scallion should not be replanted, otherwise it will seriously affect the yield. If it is planted, the soil must be treated.

1 Increase the maturity of farmyard manure and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, supplement the trace elements needed for growth of onion, such as sulfur, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron, to promote the robust growth of green onions, improve disease resistance.

2 Using Greenhenge No. 1 to sterilize the soil, and before the transplanting, fenoxanthin pesticides were used to kill and kill the underground pests.

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