First, the sika deer's ecological habits A, sika deer morphology characteristics: The deer is a medium deer. Its body length is 1.3-1.5 meters, shoulder height is 0.85-1.0 meters, tail length is about 0.2 meters, and weight is 80-130 kg. The body is brownish red with white spots. It resembles plum blossoms. Its head is slightly rounded, its face is long, its nose is bare, its eyes are large and round, its infraorbital gland is cracked, its tears are obvious, and its ears are erect. Slender neck, moderate torso. Slim limbs, narrow main hooves, small side. Short tail. There are obvious white patches on the buttocks. The body hair is brown, the summer hair is brighter, the white plum spot is obvious, the winter hair is slightly deeper than the summer hair, and there are hairiness but no white spots, and some are only vaguely seen. Males only have horns, a total of four forks, the fork forward and obliquely stretched, an obtuse angle with the trunk, the second branch is higher, it is often mistaken for it without a second branch, the trunk is divided into two branches at the end. The cubs have brighter body colors and dense white spots on the back and body sides. B. Kind of deer: The deer has 10 subspecies. There are subspecies of South China, Northeast Asia, Mountain Asia, and Sichuan subspecies. C. Sika deer's living habits: 1. The sika deer is an animal that likes to cluster. Each group consists of two dozens of heads. However, depending on the season, the structure of the group changes. In the breeding season, the deer group is composed of 1 adult stag, 1 to 10 adult female deer, some sub-adults and young deer, known as “breedingâ€. "Flock"; from May to July, it is the deer's calving season. Then bring their own deer or combine with other mother and child groups, sometimes as many as tens of heads. It is called "mother and son group." In the non-breeding season, there are several small groups of adult male or female deer, called "bucks" and "flocks." 2. The sika deer is mainly active in the morning and dusk. It is often found in places not far from water sources and where there is more food. The range of activities is about 5-15km. D. The food of deer: Sika deer are pure herbivorous animals and feed on the leaves, buds, and twigs of various herbs, trees, and shrubs. E, deer breeding characteristics: The deer are seasonal estrus animals. The estrus occurs every fall, and the mating season is October-November. At this time, they appear irritated and appetite diminished, especially the Bucks, aggressive and aggressive. If there are more than two male stags in the deer group, fierce fighting will surely occur. The result is not a lose-lose. The strong will chase the weak. Out of the crowd. Until after the mating period, it slowly returned to normal. Pregnancy is 7.5-8 months, 1 child per child, very few 2 childcare. The youngest deer gained the fastest weight within 3 months of age and then gradually decreased. II. Preliminary preparation for investment in deer project A. Preparation of the venue: The deer field is constructed in a place with high dryness, leeward sunshine, well-drained water, and a convenient water source to build a deer farm. Deer activity is relatively large, the deer house covers an area of ​​2 to 3 square meters per square meter, and sports ground is 8 to 10 square meters. Use slate or smooth wooden boards or cement boards to cover the floor so that the excrement can be easily cleaned. Set railings around the deer field, 2.5 to 3 meters high, to prevent deer jump and escape. It should not be chosen near industrial and mining areas and public facilities, and it should not be built on sites that have been contaminated with cattle or sheep infectious diseases or on the site of livestock ranches. B. Preparation of facilities: Deerhouse, roughage warehouse, feed processing and modulation room, silage kiln, deer antler and deer other product processing room, veterinary room, and other sideline production buildings. C, technical preparation: The technology of raising deer mainly depends on studying in books, newspapers, magazines, and magazines. It can also learn from the columns of the electronic publication “Culture of Deer Technology†and continuously improve and enrich the technology of raising and raising animals. D. Preparation of feed: The deer farm must have enough feed or a reliable supply base for all kinds of feed. The fully-stocked deer need 350 to 400 kilograms of concentrate per year on average and 1200 to 1,500 kilograms of roughage. E. Preparation for epidemic prevention: The sika deer has strong resistance and low incidence. Under artificial rearing, the incidence is small. However, sometimes infectious diseases such as Japanese encephalitis, rabies, anthrax, and colibacillosis are also required. F, introduction preparation Before introduction, we must have a comprehensive, multi-faceted understanding of the sources of supply for the species and master the basic knowledge of breeding. We must go to the principles of purchasing qualified seedlings, adhere to the principles of quality, parity, and service, and adhere to the principle of near-term purchase. Kind of quality and price. Third, feeding and management of deer basic knowledge A, feeding and managing deer 1, feeding and management of lactating deer: Usually the body of the deer is wet at birth. In addition to relying on deer's deer, artificial supplementary measures should be taken when necessary. Use a rag to dry the wet hair so that the deer can eat breast milk (colostrum) as soon as possible. After a good health of the deer, 0.5 to 1 hour after the output of the deer can stand up to breast milk. Deer milk is characterized by less moisture, more dry matter, and higher milk fat content. In general, the doe feeds once every 3 to 4 hours, but only 2 to 3 minutes each time. During the deer suckling period, the husbandry and management personnel must take care to avoid odorous substances, such as alcohol, soap, etc., which touch the deer, otherwise the deer may refuse to feed because of its peculiar smell. If you are deceased or ill after feeding, you must take artificial feeding measures when you cannot breastfeed or have insufficient milk. Usually milk or goat milk is used instead. Because fresh milk is better than milk powder, if fresh milk is not easy to obtain, if you have to use milk powder, the concentration of brewed milk powder must be slightly increased to suit the needs of growth and development of juvenile deer. The time, number of times and the amount of breast-feeding for artificial nursing are determined based on the age, birth weight, and development of the deer. In the absence of an empirical standard, the amount of artificial lactation given by the deer can refer to the artificial feeding of the calf. The hygienic requirements for artificial breast-feeding are relatively strict. We must insist on the disinfecting of milk and breast milk to prevent the occurrence of bacteria and rancidity in milk. After 1 to 2 months after giving birth to a female deer, the amount of lactation is often drastically reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the feeding of the deer that is feeding the deer, and properly increase the nutritional value of the juicy feed, because the deer cultivation is to a large extent. It depends on the quality of the milk obtained. In fact, after 20-30 days, the deer began to search for vegetable feed and was able to eat some young green grass leaves. At this time, artificially replenished some good soft juicy green feed. At this time, the nutritional source of the deer is still based on breast milk. When the juvenile has a body weight of about 25 kg, it can be shed and transferred to artificial feeding. 2. Domestication of deer prior to milking: About 20 days after the birth of the deer, some leaves were started to be eaten. A tank was set in the protection column. The keeper kept a regular amount of water every day, and used feeding whistles to adjust and acclimatize. Gradually separate the mother dams. Set a pass through the middle of the adjacent two circles, first drive the mother into one of the circles, then place the doe into another circle and leave the deer. In the beginning, the deer can be left in the deer circle 1 or 2. After 4 to 5 days, it is separated twice a day on the afternoon and the afternoon. The time for separation is 1 to 3 hours at a time. After that, it is gradually extended, and the door is opened at noon and in the evening. Free activities, deer feeding. To increase contact with the deer, feed and water whistle to stabilize the deer's temperament. To supplement some feeds properly, determine the feeding time based on the interval between the morning and evening births of the deer. Normally, feed supplements will be available in late July. Do not feed some green and juicy feeds. The condiment can be smashed with sorghum and smashed into spices, and the cooked corn and soybeans can be blended. The proportion of soybeans is 10%, and the amount of feed should be appropriate, ranging from less to more, until the weaning group reach each daily 500 g. Green roughage should be chopped and fed. 3. Feeding of deer after milking: The deer is usually performed around August 20, and after weaning, it should be divided into several small groups and reared in groups according to the conditions of the deer's sex, physical fitness, and individual size. The Aberdeen Deer Circle should be set away from the deer house, and the deer can be set aside. The deer deer is left in the original circle. The deer from the early stages of breast-feeding, because of the sudden departure from the doe, will continue to buzz, and mental status and appetite will be greatly affected. The breeder should be more patient and care, often calling for deer, close to the deer, and ease the anxiety of the deer. After the weaning group is transferred to the young deer house after the weaning group, it is necessary to gradually increase the feeding amount of the feed, and it is not possible to feed in excess. A deer eats a small amount of food, fast digestion, and eats many times. Within half a month, the milk can be fed 4 to 5 times a day, and once a night of roughage, then it gradually reaches the daily feed 3 times and the full price of the diet during this period. And nutritional levels. The fine material from the lactating deer must be carefully processed and modulated. Soybeans and corn can be cooked, a portion of the corn flour can be made into cornmeal, soybeans can be ground into soybean milk, and can be mixed in proportion. At the same time roughage can be cast for barley leaves, poplar leaves, green corn stalks, etc., corn stalks should be chopped; drinking water should be clean and adequate. In addition, we must pay attention to the supply of minerals, supplement vitamins, trace elements and other additives containing selenium, add salt, bone meal in the diet, can prevent the occurrence of rickets, cartilage disease. B. Feeding Management Doe Doe is a breeding period from late August to mid-November. At this time, feeds rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals should be fed at a daily dose of 3.5 to 4.2 kg. One concentrate 1.1 to 1.2 kilograms, 1 kilogram of juicy material, 1.4 to 2 kilograms of green coarse material: calcium powder, salt 20 grams each, the management of mating deer group management, there must be someone on duty watch. It is better to control the number of matings in one estrus period 2 to 3 times. After the doe is mated, it enters the gestation period (late November to mid-April). At this time to provide adequate nutrition, in order to facilitate the development of the fetus, the feed daily feed volume of 3.8 to 4.7 kg. 1 to 1.5 kilograms of concentrate, 1 to 1.2 kilograms of juiciness, 1.8 to 2 kilograms of green material, and green and rough feeds for pre-pregnancy and mid-pregnancy, and smaller, high-quality, and palatability feeds for later use. . Concentrate feed 2 times a day, green feed must be diversified, must not be fed moldy feed. Public and doe are raised publicly. Don't be frightened or forcibly driven away from the deer. Prevent disease and prevent miscarriage. Generally from the end of April delivery, to the middle of August for the lactation period. At this time the feed must contain rich protein, vitamins and minerals, and the daily feed amount is 5.7-7.5 kg. One concentrate 1.2 to 1.5 kilograms, 1.5 to 2 kilograms of juicy material, 3 to 4 kilograms of green coarse material, and there are sufficient calcium powder and salt. Concentrate feed 2 to 3 times a day, green coarse material allows it to eat freely. To keep the house clean, the ground is flat and dry. Breeding selection Breeding ears, fast growth, good quality for deer breeding breeding. The deer is sexually mature beyond the age of 2 and is well-matched at the age of 2 and a half to 3 years old. Doe is in heat from August to October. During estrus, he was uneasy, his eyes flowed mucus, his odor was abnormal, he often squeaked, and mucus increased in the genitals. Hi was close to the deer. Estrus ovulation 16 to 36 hours, to grasp the timing, timely breeding. Breeding methods are: group allocation, the male deer will be put together to 50 to 100 heads of deer, 20 to 30 head of deer, mixed group, let it mate. The disadvantage is that the male deer is prone to fights, causing casualties. With the rounds, the male deer participating in breeding will be put into the deer group in turn. Match each other. The deer group is divided into 4 to 5 small groups. Each small group puts 1 male deer. After a certain period of time, the male deer in each small group is exchanged again. These methods have good mating effects and high conception rates. Observe after mating, and find that there is no conception to supplement in time. From May to July, it is not only the harvest season of velvet but also the doting stage of the deer. It is the busiest time for the deer. In order to ensure the safe and safe delivery of the deer, it is necessary to do day and night duty nursing work. Before the mother deer comes into production, he must prepare the material for delivery. Such as the preparation of saline, syringes, liquid paraffin, potassium permanganate, pituitrin, record book, rolling ear forceps, sikulin anesthesia. At the same time, prepare the delivery room. For the first few days after delivery, the doe secretes milk into colostrum. Colostrum contains extremely rich proteins and vitamins (especially vitamin A) as well as various nutrients, antibodies and inorganic salts, which are very important to the health of the deer and have a laxative effect. Under domestication conditions, the lactation period of the deer varies, depending on the habits of the deer farms. The doe is ferocious and often attacks close to its deer during breastfeeding. About 3 to 4 weeks of age, Aberdeen can start to feed a small amount of green fodder with the deer, and can live independently without milk feeding at about 3 months of age. In order to allow the deer to have normal estrus, the female deer should be isolated in August and early September to stop the milk supply, so as to facilitate physical recovery, early estrus and early mating. There are a few doe, especially the first-born doe, and the post-partum abandoned child does not bring him. The practice is to smear the baby deer with the placenta solution or urine of the nanny deer in 2 to 3 hours, which is easy to achieve. C. Feeding management bucks 1, the recovery period and the long-early period of feeding and management: This period is basically in the winter season. After the male deer is bred, the constitution is thin, and the temperature is low. The requirement for rearing is to restore his constitution quickly and provide a material basis for changing the long velvet. Therefore, feeds containing a lot of starch and minerals and a certain amount of protein feed should be given in the rearing. The concentrate in the diet is composed of mixed concentrates consisting of 50% of seeds (corn, sorghum or barley, wheat, etc.), 30% of legume seeds (soybeans or bean cake), and 20% of bran; Juices include carrots, radishes, sweet potatoes and other root-based feeds; green fodder includes a variety of tender branches, leaves and grass. After the breeding period of the male deer, the appetite gradually recovered. When increasing the amount of feed, there should be less, and it must not be suddenly fed in large quantities. Concentrate feeding twice a day, when the green material is sufficient, they can be allowed to eat freely. For old, weak, and disabled deer with poor constitution, small groups should be bred and intensively reared in order to restore their physique quickly. 2, long-term feeding and management: The male deer is the long antler season from mid-April to mid-August each year. The deer's long antler period refers to the period from deer horniness or long velvet to deer antler harvesting, which lasts for 60-80 days. During this period of long antler period, the male deer waned, the metabolism was vigorous, and the food intake increased. The male deer needed a lot of nutrients. The male deer grows fast at long velvet. According to observations, sika deer aged 3 to 4 years old, the growth time of two antler was about 55 days, and the average daily weight gain was 17.7 grams. The red deer averaged 50 grams per day. The pilose antler grows fast, so it is necessary to supply the deer body with a considerable amount of nutrients to meet its physiological needs. Therefore, during the velvety period, in addition to feeding a variety of grass, cottonseed, bran, rice bran and other general feed, it is necessary to add some high concentrates containing protein. Each male deer can feed 1 to 2 kilograms of cornmeal, 100 grams of soybeans, and 50 grams of fishmeal every day, and ensure that the deer can feed 1 to 2 kilograms of cornmeal, 100 grams of soybeans, and 50 grams of fishmeal each day, and ensure that the deer has enough Drinking water. In this way, the deer absorbs the nutrients well, and the antler grows particularly prosperous. Practice has shown that adding antler and antler does not have the same effect. The pilose antler growing from velvet grown without antler material is weak, with little dullness, light weight, and with a declining grade. The antler with long-lasting antler is added, the branches are thick, the thickness is the same, and the light shines. Bright, plump head full, general velvet weight can increase 15% to 20%, the level can be increased by one level. Balanced and regular feeding should be carried out. Concentrate feed 2 to 3 times a day, drinking water should be clean and adequate. Areas with rich green feeds should try to meet their needs and allow them to eat freely when necessary. In the long antler period, it is necessary to do a good job in recording the data of the deer's angle disc shedding and the pilose antler's growth. At the same time, it is necessary to grasp the progress of the antler growth and to promptly make velvet work. For individual new antler that has grown but the horns have not yet fallen off, Baoding should remove the hard horns so as not to hinder the growth of velvet antler. In addition, check and clean the deer house, playground, wall, and boards to avoid buckling. 3. Feeding and management of breeding period: From late August to November, the male deer had a strong sexual desire and his appetite decreased significantly. The base of the sawtooth stalks had formed a disk and ossification. At this point, the deer rubs around and destroys the feeding tools or collides with the rams. The fierce ones even hurt people and make them inaccessible. The confrontational buckets consume large amounts of body and become physically weak. In order to increase the deer's constitution, it is beneficial to breeding. When feeding, it must be fed a nutritious feed with a high nutritional value, a good palatability, a vitamin-rich root-like juicy feed, a young green feed, etc., but the amount can be appropriately reduced. Freeze Dried Coffee,Freeze Dried Espresso,Freeze Dried Instant Coffee,Best Freeze Dried Instant Coffee Yunnan New Biology Culture Co,.Ltd , https://www.lvsancoffee.com