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Boom sprayer configuration and use
As an agricultural tool for field crops, high efficiency and high quality pesticide spraying, the boom sprayer can be widely used in sowing of crops such as soybeans, wheat, corn and cotton, pre-emergence soil treatment, and grass control and pest control in the early stage of crop growth. Used in combination with high-gap tractors, it can be used for the prevention of pests and diseases in the middle and later stages of crop growth such as cotton and corn, as well as high productivity and uniform spray rate. Boom sprayers have been favored by the majority of farmers in China. 1. Sprayer nozzle configuration (1) nozzle selection and layout. When the horizontal spray boom sprayer sprays herbicides for soil treatment, it is required that the spray droplets cover uniformly, and N100 series jade ceramic nozzles are often installed. Generally, the distance between the nozzles on the boom is 0.5m. In order to obtain a uniform distribution of the fog, the height of the nozzle from the ground during the operation is selected to be 0.5m, so as to achieve the most uniform fog distribution throughout the entire range. When using the horizontal sprayer sprayer to spray the seedlings, the N60 series steel jade ceramic nozzles are often installed. Sprinkler spacing and nozzle height from operation can be determined by the row spacing and height of the crop. The boom sprayer is mainly used to spray insecticides on cotton and other crops. Therefore, usually a hollow conical fog nozzle is sprayed from top to bottom on the top of the cotton plant on the horizontal spray bar, and the cotton strain is applied on the suspender. In case that several identical nozzles are installed, the spray angle can be arbitrarily adjusted according to requirements so that the entire front and back of the cotton plant can be sprayed to the droplets. In this way, a three-dimensional spray is formed to achieve the best effect of pest control. (2) Determination of the number of nozzles. The number of nozzles is mainly determined by the amount of liquid discharged under the working pressure of the liquid pump and the spray amount of the nozzle at this pressure. To increase the amplitude of the spray, when changing the original design of the sprayer with a large spray nozzle, it is necessary to check whether the number of nozzles used is appropriate. In order to ensure that the pump returns to water for stirring, the sum of the spray volume of each nozzle should be less than 88% of the displacement of the pump. That is, the number of nozzles <0.88 displacement of the liquid pump/spray of the nozzle (a). 2. Determine the amount of pesticide solution and the speed of walking. Prevention and control of farmland pests and diseases, the required amount of pesticide per hectare is determined. However, due to the different spray equipment and atomization methods used, the amount of water needed varies greatly. The field application liquid volume should be determined according to the technical specifications of different spray equipment and application methods. The tractor's walking speed should be measured based on the actual operation of the first nozzle flow, and determine the machine has an effective spray rate, calculate the speed = 666.7 / spray width (meter), select the tractor corresponding speed gear to operate. If the calculated walking speed is too low or too high and the actual operation is difficult, under the premise of guaranteeing the efficacy, the concentration of the liquid medicine may be appropriately changed to change the amount of the liquid to be applied, or the nozzle may be changed to adjust the operation speed. 3. Adjustment and calibration (1) Machine preparation. Before spraying, prepare equipment according to the instructions. For example, lubricate the moving parts, tighten loose screws and nuts, and inflate the tires. (2) Check the shape of the fog and the amount of nozzle spray. Place some water in the tank, start the sprayer in place, and spray under working pressure. Observe the shape of the mist in each nozzle. Replace the nozzle if there is obvious streamline or skew. Then, a small piece of soft plastic pipe is put on each nozzle, the container is placed below, sprayed under a predetermined working pressure, timed by a stopwatch, and the mist of each nozzle is collected for 30 to 120 seconds, and the fluid of each sample is measured. Calculate the average spray volume for all nozzles for 1 min. Spray nozzles with a spray rate higher or lower than 10% of the average should replace the nozzle. (3) Calibrate the sprayer. The calibration method is as follows: in the field to be sprayed out 50m long, half a box of water is placed in the tank, the tractor's forward speed and working pressure are adjusted, water is sprayed on the measured field, and one of the nozzles is collected at a length of 50m. The liquid sprayed from the field, weighing or measuring the grams or milliliters of liquid in the cup, the actual amount of liquid applied = 0.2 spray volume/spray head spacing (L/hectare), if there are multiple sprayers in a row, L = Crop row spacing (m)/number of sprinklers per row. (4) Change the amount of liquid applied. If the actual amount of liquid applied does not meet the requirements, it can be changed by the following three methods: change the working pressure, since the pressure should be increased to 4 times, the spray volume will only increase 1 times, the pressure is too high or too low will change the shape of the fog And droplet size, it is only applicable to the situation that the amount of liquid applied is not changed much. Changing the forward speed is also only suitable when the fluid volume variation is less than 25%. Change the nozzle model. 4. Stirring thoroughly and carefully mixing the pesticide is one of the important steps in the sprayer operation. Stirring unevenness will result in non-uniform application. Add about half a box of water to the tank and add pesticides. Add water while adding water. Wettable powders of a class of pesticides must be stirred until one tank has been sprayed. For emulsifiable concentrates and wettable powders, add water to a small container and mix into an emulsion or a paste. Add it to a tank containing water and stir to make it evenly stirred. 5. The operator of the field must keep the forward speed and working pressure stable. At the same time, attention should also be paid to: clogging and leakage of the nozzles; control of the walking direction so that the sprayer does not overlap with the previous row or leakage; the liquid tank is empty, causing the pump to run. Dehydration operation; boom collision obstacles, etc. 6. Cleaning The sprayer must be carefully cleaned after spraying a pesticide, after the spraying season, or before the sprayer is repaired. Immediately after each addition, pesticides splashed on the outer surface of the sprayer should be removed. The sprayer should be thoroughly cleaned with soapy water or a neutral detergent and rinsed with water. Solid liquid deposits can be brushed with a hard bristle brush. Used organic phosphorus pesticide sprayer, the internal use concentrated soap aqueous solution cleaning. Spray organochlorine pesticides and wash with acetic acid instead of soap. Finally, the pump soapy water is cleaned through the spray bar and spray head. 7. After the end of the storage spray season, the preservation of the sprayer can extend its useful life and can be used in time when working later. Clean the sprayer before storage; remove the copper nozzles, showerheads, and sprayer screens and place them in clean diesel; use a non-porous sprayer plate to fit the sprayer to prevent dirt from entering the lines. It is best to place the sprayer in the shed to prevent the plastic tank from getting exposed to the sun. Author: Xinjiang College of Agricultural Engineering, Tarim University