Swine fever is still the number one epidemic that threatens the swine industry. In recent years, the breeders have carried out high-density immunization of pigs on the basis of conscientiously implementing comprehensive prevention measures. The disease has been effectively controlled. However, in the recent period, some pig farmers reported that the immunization effect of the swine fever vaccine was not reliable. In order to prevent the occurrence of swine fever, the reasons for the poor immune effect of swine fever are summarized below for reference. 1 Improper immunization procedures Maternal antibodies affect the immune effect. After maturation, maternal antibodies were obtained from maternal or colostrum, which peaked at 24 h and then gradually decreased until 60 days of age. The attenuated vaccine is susceptible to maternal antibodies. The relationship between maternal antibody and attenuated vaccine immunity is: 32 times less than 100%, 64-512 times 50%, and more than 1,024 times the vaccine is ineffective. It can be said that the lower the maternal antibody titer, the better the vaccine immunity. If maternal antibodies are present in newborn piglets, and the antibody levels are reduced to an appropriate level (neutralizing antibody titer 1:32), the piglets will be vaccinated, which will cause the maternal antibody to be blocked and the passive immunity of the pig's body to be destroyed. . Some piglets have been vaccinated 21-25 days old and have never been vaccinated. Since some maternal antibodies still remain in the piglets, they can interfere with the immunity of the vaccine. The immunization time is short and cannot survive the virus attack. Some piglets were weaned at 60 days of age and were given swine fever vaccine at home and repeated injections on the market. These pigs had inoculated the vaccine with the same nature as the previous antigen prematurely because the corresponding antibodies produced by the body after the last vaccination had not fallen to a certain level. As a result, some of the vaccines were neutralized by the remaining antibodies in the body, resulting in pigs. Only the resulting immunity is low and immune failure occurs. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange immunization procedures properly. Generally, piglets are first exempted from 20 days of age and exempted at 60 days of age. They will not repeat injections within one year, and will be boosted once a year; they may also adopt advanced immunization methods to avoid sucking of piglets. Milk-transition antibody interferes with the immunity produced by the piglet's vaccine injection. That is, piglets are injected with 1 dose of swine fever vaccine before being suckled, injected for 2-3 hours, then allowed to breastfeed freely, and once again at 60 days of age. 2 Effects of Drugs and Feed Additives Furazolidone, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and sulfa drugs in the antibiotics have a certain inhibitory effect on the proliferation of B lymphocytes in the body and can affect the immune effect of the viral disease vaccine. Some pig farmers have used chlorotoxin, kanamycin, furazolidone, sulfa drugs, or feed additives containing these drugs to prevent pig disease. This has led to a decline in leukocytes in the body. The body's immune response. Therefore, in order to ensure the effectiveness of immunization, users should be well-publicized and chloramphenicol, kanamycin, furazolidone and feed additives containing these drugs should not be used 10 days before or after immunization of pigs to avoid affecting the body. Immunity. 3 Potentially infected pigs are in a latent stage after being infected with swine fever and do not have any clinical symptoms. If this hypothetical healthy pig is vaccinated at this time, serious reactions will occur, clinical symptoms will appear, and death will occur. Therefore, before the vaccination, the health status of the pigs should be known, and the pigs can produce strong immunity after 4 days of injection. For regions suspected of having swine fever, emergency injections may be given to pigs that are not diseased under strict disinfection conditions. Before the injection, it is necessary to explain to the livestock owner that some pigs infected with swine fever in the incubation period will accelerate the morbidity or death. 4 Vaccine issues 4.1 Poor quality of the vaccine itself The vast majority of the vaccine produced by the biopharmaceutical factory is of acceptable quality. However, in recent years, in actual work, it has also been found that freeze-dried plantlets of pigs produced by the manufacturer have lost vacuum, and grassroots veterinary personnel are not aware of this. Whether it will be considered as a qualified vaccine will inevitably lead to failure of the immune system. 4.2 Improper Storage Temperature of Vaccine Frozen freeze-dried seedlings of pigs require cryopreservation, and the dates of storage under different temperature conditions are also different. According to the stipulated preservation period, it shall be stored under the frozen condition of -15 °C for a period of one year from the date of manufacture, and be stored in the cold and dark and dry place at 0-8 °C for six months; it shall be stored in a dark and dry place at 8-25 °C, and the valid period shall be 10 d. 4.3 Use of the Vaccine That Will Be Vaccinated The swine fever vaccine is supplied in a straight line. In recent years, due to contradiction between production and sales, the vaccine delivered by the upper-level business department is often ineffective, and the long-distance transportation has caused the temperature to change. After the vaccine went to the village veterinarian, it did not temporarily store at the prescribed temperature, which further accelerated the reduction of vaccine potency. 4.4 Using an expired diluted vaccine Pasteurized porcine rabbit attenuated vaccines used in the past were described in the instruction manual as "Diluted on the day after use." In recent years, the "pig cell culture seedlings" have been used, and its dilution rate has been accelerated and the effective time has been shortened. After the vaccine is diluted, it is used up within 6 hours of the temperature of 15 °C, and 15-27 °C should be used up within 3 hours.
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