Reasons and countermeasures of onion convulsion

First, why the convulsion onion belongs to the green body vernalization crops, when the onion seedlings grow to a certain size through the low-temperature vernalization period in the long-day conditions can twitch and flower. The onset of the vernalization of onions must have the following three conditions: First, a certain low temperature is required, and low temperature is the dominant factor inducing differentiation of onion flower buds. Most varieties complete vernalization at a low temperature of 2°C to 5°C. The second is that seedlings must grow to a certain size before they can receive low temperature induction through the vernalization stage. It is generally believed that when the stem diameter of the seedling leaf sheath is greater than 0.6 cm, the flower buds can be convulsed and flowered by the low-temperature vernalization, and when the stem diameter is less than 0.5 cm, the flower buds cannot be formed by vernalization even if they encounter low temperature conditions. The third is the need for a certain amount of low-temperature accumulation, which generally takes 60 to 70 days. The differences between varieties are relatively large. Some southern varieties need only 40 to 50 days, while some northern varieties need more than 100 days.
In addition, the larger the seedling green body (>0.5 cm stem diameter), the lower the number of low temperature days required for the low-temperature vernalization stage. The differentiation of onion flower buds and the relationship between light and illumination is not obvious, and it is slightly longer under weak light than under strong light. At the same time, the nutrition level of fertilizer, soil moisture and growth point make the onion have some differences in the induction of low temperature, adequate water and fertilizer, plant nutrient accumulation for a long time, easy to pass through the vernalization stage. In short, the main reasons for onion pre-seizure are too early sowing date, improper management, too large seedlings, and vernalization during the overwintering period; and the genetic characteristics of the variety, ie the sensitivity of varieties to low temperature and sunshine, climatic factors, and Soil environmental factors and so on.
Second, prevention of bolting cultivation techniques
1. Choose cultivars resistant to defoliation: There are certain differences in the responses of different cultivars to low temperatures and long days. In terms of the feeling of low temperature, some varieties are weak in winter and their performance is easy to twitch. Some varieties are strong in winter and are not easy to twitch. In winter-weak varieties, seedlings are at risk of convulsions when they are exposed to low temperatures. For winter-strong varieties, seedlings need to be slightly larger in order to feel low temperature and convulsions. Therefore, when it comes to introduction, you should choose a species that requires strict cold.
2. Appropriate sowing and planting: Since the onion belongs to the green body vernalization crop, only when the onion seedling grows to a certain size can it effectively pass through the low-temperature vernalization stage and can twitch and bloom under warm and long day conditions. Sowing time and the date of planting directly affect the size of the seedlings.
Seeding early, long seedling growth period, seedlings easily twitch; late sowing, seedlings weak, cold resistance, easy to die in winter, and reduce production. Therefore, according to species characteristics and local climate characteristics, it is necessary to arrange the sowing time in a suitable range, so that the seedlings have enough growth period before winter so as to obtain seedlings of sufficient size, but at the same time, the seedlings cannot exceed the green body. The critical size necessary for vernalization. The suitable sowing date in the south-central area of ​​Hebei Province is from the end of August to the beginning of September, and until the end of November, the pre-wintering seedling age is about 90 days. The seedling period needs about 10°C above the accumulated temperature of 1200°C to 1400°C. Seedlings reach 3 to 4 leaves, seedling height 18 to 24 cm, and pseudostem roughness no more than 0.6 cm, which can greatly control the convulsions rate in the second spring.
Transplanting onion shall be timely, early planting will extend the pre-winter growth period, resulting in large seedlings and convulsions, the general seedling age of 40 days, the average daily temperature of 15 °C for onion colonization appropriate period, from the daily average temperature of 15 °C If you push forward for 40 days, it is suitable for sowing.
3. Sowing density should be appropriate: too thin sowing, nutrition area is too large, too much fertilizer at the seedling stage, will make the seedlings grow too large, therefore, to master the appropriate sowing density, the general mu seed amount 4 to 5 kg, an acre seedlings Can transplant 8 to 10 acres of land.
4. Strengthen field management after spring return: Soil fertility, fertilization level and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements will indirectly affect flower bud differentiation and convulsions by affecting the vegetative growth of plants. After returning to spring in spring, fertile soil and high nitrogen levels were maintained, and flower buds differentiated and convulsed late; nitrogen fertilizer was insufficient, soil was arid, and seedlings were easily grown thin and thin, and pre-convulsions occurred. Therefore, water and fertilizer management after returning green should be strengthened. When returning green, topdressing should be combined with pouring back to Qingshui to promote greening and returning green trees, and watering fertilizers should be applied at the vigorous growth period of the leaves, the beginning and the end of the bulb expansion to ensure that the bulbs continue to grow and grow. Inhibit flower bud differentiation and convulsions, increase yield and benefit.

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