Super Absorbent Bath Mat,Bath Mat,Diatomite Health Hot Bath Mat,Non Slip Bath Mat Dongguan Vanilla Bioengineering Co., Ltd. , https://www.healthecigarette.de
Integrated control of kiwifruit pests and diseases
1 Fruit ripening rot 1.1 Symptoms When kiwifruit approaches maturity, indentation marks appear on the fruit, slightly dimpled and brown. Peel the skin to reveal a slightly yellowish flesh, the edges of the lesions are dark green or water-stained, and there is often a cone-shaped rot in the middle of the milky skin, which can expand to the middle of the flesh and even the entire fruit to rot in a few days. It is an important disease during storage. 1.2 Pathogens are Plasmodioides viridis. 1.3 During the process of infection, the pathogens are infected by wind, rain, air currents, and branches. At 20°C, the fruit was infested after a latency period of 14 to 21 days (ie, the infestation of fruit was started about 3 weeks after flowering), and symptoms were observed during fruit ripening. 1.4 Prevention and control of agriculture 1 In winter, orchards are combined with pruning to remove litter and reduce parasitic plants. 2 young fruit bagging Xiehua 1 week after the fruit bagging, to avoid infestation of young fruit. Pharmaceutical treatment from 2 weeks after flowering to fruiting period (May to August) canopy spray 50% carbendazim 800 times, 1:0.5:200 Bordeaux mixture or 80% thiophanate WP 1000 times 2 to 3 Times, spraying intervals of about 20 days. 2 Root rot disease 2.1 Symptoms Symptoms of dark brown water stains appear in the roots and necks at the beginning of the symptoms, and gradually enlarge the hyphae of hyphae. The cortex and xylem of the diseased department gradually rotted, with the smell of distiller's grains. After a large number of mycelia occur, sclerotia are formed after 8 to 9 days, which resembles the size of rapeseed and is pale yellow. Afterwards, the underlying roots turn black and rot, causing the entire plant to die. 2.2 Pathogens Armillariella. 2.3 Pathogens in the process of infestation use wintering of mycelium in the affected area. The onset of disease began in May in Guizhou Province and was severely affected in July-September and stopped after October. In the orchard with poor soil and poor drainage, it occurs from time to time. 2.4 Prevention and Control 1 Do a good job of trenching and drainage in the rainy season. Planting should not be too deep, and no unripe fertilizer should be used. 2 In the mid-and late-March of March and June, the tree trays were applied with 250 kg of water and 200 kg of zein zinc. 3 pediculosis 3.1 Symptoms of symptoms of fruit damage began to appear at the fruit pedicle marked water spots, after the lesion spread evenly downwards, the pulp rot from the bottom of the fruit pedicle, spread the whole fruit, there is a taste of wine, the disease on the skin long A layer of non-uniform villous gray mold was found and turned grey. It is an important disease during storage. 3.2 Pathogen Botrytis spp. 3.3 Pathogens in the process of infestation The wintering of conidiospores in diseased areas spreads through airflow. Infected flowers caused flower rot in spring. Fruit infection occurs during harvesting and storage. 3.4 Prevention 1 Do a good job in the winter clearing garden. 2 timely removal of diseased flowers burned. Spray 65% ​​zeocin zinc 500 times before and after flowering. Medication should be as far as possible to make the liquid on the fruit. 4 Leafhoppers were damaged on the leaf surface, yellow-white spots appeared at the beginning, and gradually expanded into slices. When the leaves were severe, the whole leaf was pale and early-growth, and the tree body was weak, and the yield was drastically reduced. 4.1 Habits According to the survey, four generations occurred in one year, and the fourth-generation adults overwintered in winter green manure crops and weeds. In the middle and late April, the first generation of adults laid eggs, and the eggs were produced in the leaves of the leaves close to the main vein, and the main veins were strips. The second generation of adults takes place from mid-June to mid-July and is the peak of the year. 4.2 Control 1 Select resistant varieties. 2 strengthen ventilation and light transmission. 3 Remove the weeds in the orchard and around the orchard. In the winter, the green manure is ploughed back to the field. 4.3 Chemical control 40% omethoate 1:12200, 10% more than 1:2500, 25% enemies 3000 times, or 50% antimony WP 4000 times Better control effect. 5 The fruit sucking moth caterpillars are dominated by beaked nymphalids and leaf litters. In the near-mature period, the adult mouthpart pierces the kiwifruit peel and sucks juice. About one week later, the pericarp peeled yellow and ran out of glue, followed by a soft rot near the wound, and gradually enlarged into an oval water-stained plaque, and finally the entire fruit rotted. 5.1 Habitats occur in 3 to 4 generations in 1 year, and both larvae and adults can overwinter. Three peaks occur in the middle and late June, mid-August, mid-September and mid-October. The fruit of the kiwifruit is mostly the third generation of adults. 5.2 Prevention 1 Do a good job in the Qingyuan Garden. 2 fruit bagging. 3 8% sugar and 1% vinegar aqueous solution plus 0.2% sodium fluoride dubbed trapping liquid trapping. 6 The bat moth is damaged by the larvae in the cortex and xylem of the trunk and base of the main vine. 6.1 Living habits occurred in 1 generation in Guizhou Province and 1 generation in a few 2 years. The eggs hatch on the ground or larvae in the base tunnel of the trunk and hatch in mid-April of the second year. The first instar larvae feed on humus and turn to the roots of the tree foraging after 2 to 3 years of age. Adults emerge from late August to September. 6.2 Prevention 1 Protection of natural enemies: Insectivorous birds, predatory beetles, and parasitic flies all have a certain inhibitory effect on the amount of bat moths. 2 Clearing Orchard Weeds and Wild Hosts: Combine pruning and cut off damaged vines. 3Manual killing: When it was found that there was a worm in the base of the trunk, the worm was removed and inserted into the wormhole with a thin wire to stab the larvae. 4 chemical control: 50% with 50% dichlorvos drip injection or tampon with cotton ball stuffed into the fistula. The hole is blocked with wet mud and kills the larvae. During the active period of the first instar larvae, a 20% deltamethrin 2000 times solution was sprayed under the canopy and at the dry base to eliminate 2 to 3 instar larvae.