First, the cause Due to over-fermentation of aquaculture water, over-saturated dissolved oxygen in the water caused. When the aquaculture water body is oversaturated with dissolved oxygen, supersaturated oxygen enters the fish body through blood circulation through the scorpion. When the blood flows through the subcutaneous capillary of the fins and fry, due to the lower oxygen partial pressure, oxygen is dissociated from the blood and enters. In tissues, excess oxygen is trapped in the tissues to form bubbles, which are initially small and gradually increase. Fish fry mistakenly swallows oxygen bubbles and forms bubbles in the intestine. When swallowed more, larger bubbles can form. Second, the symptoms After the onset of fry, head and body surface subcutaneous, fin membranes, intestinal and intestinal wall have different sizes of bubbles, the diseased fry floating on the surface of the water, swimming difficulties, frightened, struggling, not feeding, soon died of failure After the onset of fish species and adult fish, many bubbles of different sizes are visible in the fin membrane. If the treatment is not timely, there will be ulcers at the air bubbles, and severe cases can lead to death. Third, the epidemic situation During fry breeding period, fish breeding period and early stage of adult fish farming, the disease often occurs in windy weather after sunny and wet weather turns fine. In Northern China, the disease often occurs in the late winter of fishes. IV. Causes of Dissolved Oxygen Supersaturation in Aquaculture Water In spring and rainy season, the photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton in the water body is weak, and the utilization of nutrient components such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body is low. The nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients decomposed from the pond sludge accumulate in the water body. After the sunny days, the water temperature rises rapidly, the phytoplankton in the water body is rich in nutrients, the photosynthesis is strong when the sun shines, and the amount of oxygen production is more, while the water consumption in the spring is less, and the excess oxygen is accumulated in the static water body. This results in oversaturated oxygen in the entire body of water. In the early winter of fishes in northern China, due to weak light, phytoplankton in the water use less nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water. After the Spring Festival, the illumination is gradually sufficient. The phytoplankton in the water is rich in nutrients, and photosynthesis is flourishing. As the volume increases, due to ice coverage, excess oxygen cannot be lost to the air, resulting in oversaturated oxygen in the entire body of water. V. Prevention methods 1. Prevention methods Fish fry breeding period, fish breeding period and early stage of adult fish farming can take the following precautionary measures: strictly control the amount of fertilizer applied to the pond; the weather turns cloudy for several days, especially after sunny days without windy weather, pay attention to opening up Oxygen aerated to allow the excess oxygen in the water to diffuse into the air. The fry should clear ponds, or increase the number of fry-based food organisms in the aquaculture water at the peak period of the rotifer after the fertilizer to reduce the fish swallowing. Oxygen bubbles opportunity. During the late winter, the fish can adopt the following precautionary measures: During the late winter, especially after the Spring Festival, the fish should take ice-eyes and open aerators to diffuse the excess oxygen in the air into the air. Before the Spring Festival, fish ponds need to keep a sufficient number of white pelicans in order to inhibit the phytoplankton in the water. 2. The treatment with a concentration of 4mg/L ~ 6mg/L salt Quanchiposa, in order to change the skin osmotic pressure, so that the body of the diseased fish bubbles escape in vitro, this method can effectively cure bubble disease. Inject fresh water into the culture pond and drain some of the old water. The aerator is turned on to allow the supersaturated oxygen in the water body to escape into the air. Spill algae drugs to reduce the amount of phytoplankton in the water. After the occurrence of air bubble disease in winter, you can take measures such as playing ice eyes and turning on an aerator, so that excess oxygen in the water can diffuse into the air.
[Composition]
The main component of this
preparation is human immunoglobulin, which is prepared by cold ethanol
fractionation of human plasma from healthy donors. The manufacturing process
contains a step to remove anticomplementary activity and a dual viral
inactivation process. It contains a suitable amount of glucose or maltose as
stabilizer (see table below), but does not contain any antiseptic or
antibiotic. The distribution of IgG subclasses is close to the serum level of
normal subjects and maintains the bioactivity of Fc fragment of IgG.
[Indications]
1. Primary
agammaglobulinemia, such as X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia,
common variant immunodeficiency diseases, immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency,
etc.
2. Secondary
immunoglobulin deficiency diseases, such as severe infection, septicemia of
newborn, etc
Intravenous Injection Of Human Immunoglobulin Intravenous Injection Of Human Immunoglobulin,Intravenous Immunoglobulin,High-Quality Effective Intravenous Immunoglobulin,Human Immunoglobulin For Intravenous Injection Sichuan Yuanda Shuyang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , https://www.syimmunoglobulin.com
Causes and Prevention of Fish Bubble Disease
In northern China, bubble disease is a common disease in fish cultured in ponds. Frequent fish breeding, fish breeding, adult fish breeding, and fish wintering often occur. After the onset, fish can cause a large number of deaths, even the entire military. Overwhelmed.