Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard), synonymous with L. pulata Frick, L. Munde Frick, L. canomarginis Frick, L. Guytona Freeman, L. Propepusilla Frost, commonly known as Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza sativae, etc. Liriomyza sativae is native to Brazil and belongs to the order Diptera, Laminidae, Liriomyza, and Liriomyza. Since the late 1940s, it has become popular in Florida, Hawaii and other places. It is the enemy of vegetable production in the Americas. It was introduced to China in 1993 and is now distributed throughout most of the country's vegetable production areas. Some of these areas are seriously endangered by the spotted fly, even on certain vegetables (such as cucumbers) reaching the level of absolute production. The host has cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pepper, cowpea, broad bean, soybean, kidney bean, celery, melon, watermelon, melon, gourd, zucchini, ramie, Chinese cabbage, cotton, rapeseed, tobacco and other 22 families and more than 110 kinds of plants. Appendix: Identification and Prevention of Four Species of Leafminers in Vegetables Surgical Gown,SMS Surgical Gown,Wood Pulp Spunlace Surgical Gown,Standard Surgical Gown XINLE HUABAO MEDICAL PRODUCTS CO.,LTD. , https://www.golbaltravel.com
Damage to the characteristics of larvae can be harmed. Female adults fly to invade the plant's leaves, feeding and spawning. The larvae invade the leaves and petioles and cause harmless snake-like white insects. The chlorophyll is destroyed, affecting photosynthesis, and the heavy-vegetated leaves fall off, resulting in flower buds and fruits. Was burned and severely destroyed. In the early days of L. sativae, the worm tract was irregularly stretched linearly, and the terminal of the larvae often became distinctly different from that of L. baccatotica. Bryoniae (Kaltenbach). Damaged plots are affected by 30% to 100%, 30% to 40%. Seriously bad harvest.
The morphological characteristics of adult small, body length 1.3-2.3mm, light gray black, thoracodorsal plate bright black, body belly yellow, female body than male.
Eggs beige, translucent, size 0.2-0.30.1-0.15 (mm).
The larvae were cocoon-like, initially colorless, and later became light orange to orange-yellow, 3 mm long, with a conical protrusion of the posterior valve protrusion and a three-pronged fork at the top, each with an opening.
蛹 Oval, orange-yellow, slightly flattened ventral, 1.7-2.30.5-0.75 (mm) in size. The shape of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard is very similar to that of Liriomyza umbelliferum. The adult back broiler of Liriomyza sativae is bright in black. The topmost pods are often born in the black area, and the top of the quail is born in the yellow or black area. Valve three holes. The adults of Liriomyza oryzae were born in the black zone, and the posterior temporal lobe 7-12 holes.
Life habits: Adults use an ovipositor to injure the leaves and suck sap. The females lay their eggs under the epidermis of some wound holes. The eggs hatch for 2-3 days, and the larval period is 4-7 days. The last-instar larvae bite the broken epidermis. Outside the leaf or under the surface of the earth, the earthworms are quailized into adult worms 7 to 14 days. Every generation is 2-4 weeks in summer, 6-8 weeks in winter, and L. sativae occurs in the southern part of the United States and there is no overwintering phenomenon. Short generations, strong reproductive ability.
Prevention and control methods Liriomyza sativae has developed rapidly in drug resistance, has a high level of resistance, and has caused great difficulties in prevention and control. Therefore, it has attracted widespread attention from all parts of the world.
1, agricultural control. In areas where the spotted fly is a serious problem, the layout of the vegetables should be taken into consideration. Interplanting or rotation of the crops such as melons, solanes, beans and their non-perishable crops should be considered; proper sparseness should be used to increase the permeability of the field; After the garden was cleaned in time, the debris that was damaged by the Liriomyza sativae was deeply buried, fattened or burned. Coverage Insect nets Insect nets are installed at the vents of protected areas in autumn and spring to prevent the exchange of insects between the open ground and the shed.
2. Using insect fly paper to trap and kill adults, from the beginning to the end of the adult period, 15 trapping sites per 667m2 were placed, and 1 insect trapping paper was placed at each point to trap and kill adults, and they were replaced once every 3-4 days. Liriomyza can also be used to slay and kill the card. When using it, the lard-killing card can be uncovered and hung in a place with many spotted flies. 15 days for outdoor use. • Hanging yellow plates to seduce adult insects means placing yellow plates in the protected area to trap and kill adults of Liriomyza in the protected areas. If the yellow plate's hanging height is kept at a height of 20 cm above the crop growth point and the yellow plate's adhesiveness is maintained, it can be received. Good results.
3, scientific medication. When there are 5 larvae on a leaf of a victim crop, the larvae are controlled before the 2nd instar larvae (the worm tract is very small), and when the dew dew occurs at 8-11 hrs, the larvae start to move to the foliage or when the mature larvae drill on the worm larvae. Use 50% Chloromical Water Soluble Powder 2500～3500 Times, 52.25% Farmland Chrysanthemum 1000x Liquid, 10% Imidacloprid Wettable Powder 1000x, 30% Avitor Monohydrate Wettable Powder 1000～1500 Liquid , diflubenzuron 3000 times solution, diflubenzuron 2500 times solution, 25% spot neutralizing EC 1500 times solution or 48% chlorpyrifos 1500 times solution, 98% Bataan original powder 1500 times solution, 1.8% abamectin ( EFOT) 3000 times EC, 5% fenvalerate EC 2000 times, 25% insecticide 500 times, 98% insecticidal powder 800 times, 1% efficiency 7051 Insecticidal 2000 times solution, 20% Confodic Concentrate solvent 4000 times, 5% Sodium Chloride 2000 times, 36% locust emulsion 1000-1500 times, 5% stuck 2000 times. Prevention and control time is good at 8-12 when the adult emergence peaks. In addition, it is also possible to use 5% flubenzuron suspension, 5% fluorfencarb, 5% chlorfluazuron EC.
4, biological control law. Released Diglyphus spp, Dacnusin spp. and Opius spp. And so on, these three parasitoids have a higher parasitic rate for Liriomyza.
1. Harmful
1.1. Liriomyza sativae and larvae can all be harmful. The female adults fly and injure the leaves of the plants to feed and lay eggs. The larvae invade the leaves and petioles and produce irregular snake-like white insects. The chlorophyll is destroyed, affecting photosynthesis, and the heavy leaves of the victims fall off, resulting in flower buds. The fruit was burned and severely damaged. In the initial stage of L. sativae, the worm tract was irregularly stretched, and the terminal of the larvae often became distinctly different from that of the tomato. The damage rate of the affected plots was 30-100%, and the output was reduced by 30-40%.
1.2 Eggs of adult of Liriomyza huidobrensis (B. huidobrensis) are laid in the leaves by egg-laying devices. The hatched larvae eat leaf mesophyll between the upper and lower epidermis of the leaves. They eat ribs and veins, and the leaves form a transparent plaque, resulting in seedlings. Withered, extremely destructive. The larvae usually form a subterranean passage along the veins, and the larvae also feed on the sponge tissue beneath the leaves. The sinus is often incomplete from the leaf surface, unlike the L. sativae.
1.3 The tomato larvae of Liriomyza larvae can eat leafy meat after hatching, showing twists and turns of foodstuffs. The seedlings of 2-7 leaves suffered from many victims, and there were serious latent marks, which caused the leaves to yellow, scorch or fall off. The width of the insect pathway is not significantly widened. It is a special evidence that the worm and the spot-fly, Liriomyza huidobrensis, and Liriomyza sativae differ.
1.4 The larvae of the pea larvae of the pea larvae are harmful to the larvae. The leaves of the larvae leave the upper and lower epidermis, forming a tortuous tunnel and affecting the growth of the vegetables. After the peas are affected, they affect the fullness of the pods and the seed quality and yield.