The correct selection of microbial fertilizers in vegetable production

Microbial fertilizer is a kind of product that results in a specific fertilizer effect on a crop by the life activities of specific microorganisms. According to its difference in improving the nutrient elements of plants, it can be divided into rhizobia fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, phosphorus bacteria fertilizer, silicate bacteria fertilizer, Composite microbial fertilizers and other five categories. As the microbial fertilizer meets the principle of fertilizer production that is safe for production and pollution-free green agricultural products, it has been included in the Green Food Development Center of China for the production of fertilizers that allow the use of green food. Many vegetable production trials have indeed shown that: Microbial fertilizers have the effect of increasing production, significantly reducing the nitrate and heavy metal content in vegetables, improving the nutritional quality of vegetables, improving the utilization of chemical fertilizers, and fertility. Therefore, in the current tide of pollution-free vegetable production, microbial fertilizers should be taken seriously by the majority of farmers. However, at present, the microbial fertilizer market is relatively confusing and there are many fake and inferior products. Coupled with microbial fertilizers, it is a new thing among many producers, and it is easy to use blindness. Therefore, we must pay careful attention to use.

1. We must select products with guaranteed quality, that is, the products are registered with the Ministry of Agriculture and have obtained production licenses. The actual purchase should pay attention to whether this product has strict inspection and registration procedures and whether there is a production license issued by the Ministry of Agriculture (the number of years shall prevail after 1996).

2, pay attention to the selection of the product within the validity period. The number of effective microorganisms in products is gradually reduced with the change of storage time and preservation conditions. If the number is too small, it will be invalid. Therefore, although the general microbial fertilizer is marked as valid for 1-2 years, it is better to choose the product of the current year. Firmly relinquish moldy or over shelf life products.

3. Avoid direct sunlight and prevent ultraviolet rays from killing microorganisms in fertilizers. The temperature of product storage environment should be the best 15-28 °C to ensure the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in the appropriate temperature range.

4. It is forbidden to mix with the soil bactericide or seed coating agent, and the soil bactericide should be avoided throughout the growing period of the vegetable crop. Sterilization of the seed should be carried out before sowing, and it is best not to sow seeds with seed coating.

5. Through reasonable agricultural technical measures, improve environmental conditions such as soil temperature, humidity, and pH, and maintain good ventilation conditions (ie, the tillage layer requires looseness and moisture) to ensure sufficient supply of energy substances and nutrients in the soil, and promote a large number of beneficial microorganisms. Prosperous metabolism of reproduction, so as to exert its fertility effect of increasing yield and efficiency.

6. The methods of seed dressing, basal fertilizer and topdressing used in the use of various microbial fertilizers shall be operated in strict accordance with the requirements of the instruction manual. For example, rhizobia fertilizer: suitable for neutral slightly alkaline soil, used for seed dressing. Use 15-25g per 667 square meters, add appropriate amount of water and mix it. During seed dressing and after seed dressing, prevent direct sunlight and cover soil immediately after sowing. The remaining seeds are stored at 20-25°C on the back of the sun. If using Pesticides to disinfect the seeds, mix the drugs 2-3 weeks before seed dressing. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer: especially suitable for leafy vegetables. Basal fertilizers should be applied with organic fertilizers and applied immediately after application. Make topdressing water and turn it into muddy slurry. Immediately cover soil. As a kind of fertilizer plus appropriate amount of water, mix it with the seed and mix it later. “5406” antibiotic fertilizer: soaking or seed dressing every 667 dosage 500g; can also be added 7.5kg of cottonseed meal 2.5-5kg, soil 500-1000kg, superphosphate 5kg, the ground mix and cover on the seed. Application must be combined with organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, avoid mixing with ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, but can be cross-administered. Phosphorus Bacterial Fertilizer: When used with seed dressing, it cannot be used together with pesticides and physiological acid fertilizers. The seed dressing amount is 1 kg of seed plus 0.5 g of bacterial fertilizer and 0.4 g of water. The amount of basal fertilizer is 1.5-5kg per 667 square meters, covering the soil after application. Top dressing should be applied before flowering. Potassium Bacterial Fertilizer: As a combination of basal fertilizer and organic fertilizer, the dosage is 10-20 kg per 667 square meters, and the soil is covered after application. Add a suitable amount of water when dressing and make a suspension spray on the seed and mix well. When rooting, add 1kg of fertilizer and 5kg of clear water. Immediately after planting, avoid direct sunlight.

7, for different types of vegetables can be used in different ways, such as eggplant, melon vegetables, cabbage and other vegetables, can be used microbial seedlings 2kg and 667 square meters seedling bed mixed soil after planting seedlings can also be microbial agents 2kg/667 square meters mixed with farmyard fertilizer or chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer or top dressing; watermelon, tomato, pepper and other seedlings need transplanting vegetables, can be used composite microbial fertilizer hole depth of 10-15cm, applied per 100kg of 667 square meters, also It can be combined with organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, and avoid direct contact with the plants during application. Appropriate topdressing of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers at the seedling stage, flowering stage, and fruit expansion stage; leafy vegetables such as celery and pakchoi can be used to compound microbial fertilizers and seeds. Sow together and water immediately after application.

In addition, it should be noted that microbiological fertilizer is only an auxiliary production-enhancing fertilizer and cannot be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Fertilizer production for non-polluted vegetables should be dominated by organic fertilizers.

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