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JVI: Insects use siRNA instead of miRNA to protect against viral infection
Helicoverpa armigera is a kind of insect of Noctuidae. There are more than 200 species of host plants in more than 20 families, most of which are important cultivated crops. It is one of the main pests of cotton. Helicoverpa armigera mononuclear capsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HaSNPV) is a baculovirus that specifically infects cotton bollworms and has been widely used as a biocide.
Researchers at the University of Queensland in Australia recently studied how the immune system of the cotton bollworm responds and resists HaSNPV infection, and published the results in the October issue of the Journal of Virology*. The researchers first discovered that a large number of small reads (about 20 nucleotides) can be aligned to the HaSNPV genome by performing small RNA deep sequencing on cotton bollworms infected with HaSNPV (LC Sciences, technical services provided by the United States parent company). Read is aligned to a specific open reading frame (ORF) of the viral genome hotspot, and these ORFs are mostly structural genes and helper late genes. Subsequently, miRDeep was used to predict the potential stem-loop structure of the pre-miRNA on the HaSNPV genome. By analyzing the alignment of small RNA sequences with potential stem-loop structures, Read count, number of negative strands, number of double-stranded base pairs, and other parameters, the researchers determined that all predicted stem-loop structures did not conform to pre-miRNA characteristics. . After excluding the possibility that these small RNAs are miRNAs, these small RNAs were identified as viral short interfering RNAs (v-siRNAs) produced by Dicer-2, the major enzyme involved in RNAi responses in insects.
The above studies indicate that the RNAi pathway in insects plays a major role in the anti-RNA virus response process. The response process is to cleave the double-stranded RNA genome or the intermediate produced during replication into v-siRNA, and then to degrade the virus transcript to achieve the purpose of resisting virus infection.
*:Jayachandran B, Hussain M, Asgari S. (2012) RNA interference as a cellular defense mechanism against the DNA virus, baculovirus . J Virol [Epub ahead of print].
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