How to speed up the construction of a new type of agricultural management system

The report of the 18th CPC National Congress proposed insisting on and perfecting the basic rural management system, safeguarding farmers’ right to land contractual management, use of homestead land, and distribution of collective income, strengthening collective economic strength, developing professional cooperation and shareholding cooperation among farmers, and nurturing new types of business operations. The main body is to develop various forms of scale operations and build a new type of agricultural management system that integrates intensive, professional, organizational, and socialization.

The construction of a new type of agricultural management system has become the focus of our efforts.

In recent years, the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China has also promoted a corresponding increase in the scale and organization of agricultural operations. The new agricultural management system, consisting of large planters, family farms, professional cooperative organizations, and agricultural leading enterprises, has gradually begun to develop. effect. However, on the whole, the current level of scale and organization is still relatively low, which is far from the requirements of modern agriculture and the new situation of agriculture. Therefore, cultivating new types of business entities, developing various forms of scale operations, and constructing a new type of agricultural management system combining intensification, specialization, organization, and socialization have become urgent requirements for agricultural development under the new situation.

To build a new type of agricultural management system adapted to modern agriculture, we need to grasp two points.

First, family management is the basic form of agricultural operations in China. Farmers are always the main body of agricultural production. The double-layered management system based on family management and integration is the basic system of agricultural management in China. This must be borne in mind. Now when it comes to scale and intensification, some people think that family management is a small-scale peasant economy, does not meet the requirements of modern agriculture, or simply compares with the scale of large-scale operations in which agriculture is developed but where there are few people, Farm management. This is a one-sided and simplification that has been separated from reality in scale management.

In fact, from the perspective of the practice of agricultural operations in China, family management is not only suitable for decentralized management, but also the tremendous achievements in agricultural development over the past 30 years and the continuous increase in the number of foodstuffs that were created on the basis of household contracting operations. It is also suitable for expanding, extending, and promoting. The scale of agricultural operations, the emergence of more and more professional growers, family farms, and professional cooperative organizations over the years not only provides more and more abundant supply of agricultural products, but also better guarantees the quality of agricultural products and foods. Security is a modern agricultural business model and management system that is in line with China's national conditions. What is particularly important is that China’s population and land shortage cannot be changed for a long time. Although the urbanization rate is currently over 50% and the rural population is still as high as several hundred million, agricultural household management is not only the basis of agricultural production, but also stable in rural areas. basis.

Second, the traditional family decentralized management system must be innovative. In recent years, labor shortages are spreading from factories to the countryside. On the one hand, in the context of rapid industrialization and urbanization, a large number of rural laborers have continued to shift outwards. In many places, there has been a shortage of manpower during the busy season, the aging of the agricultural labor force, the concurrent farming, and sideline industries, plus agriculture. Relatively low benefits and relatively high labor intensity have created a "crowding out" effect on the agricultural labor force. "Who will plant the land" has become a real stress and challenge. This urgently requires innovative agricultural management systems and the cultivation of new types of agricultural production and management entities.

On the other hand, the practical considerations of “how to plant land” have become increasingly urgent. In a traditional farmer's business, a single day of labor may only require mechanical work for 10 minutes or less. Now, the promotion of agricultural mechanization and informatization has not only greatly reduced labor intensity, but also greatly increased labor efficiency and labor quality, but agricultural mechanization and informationization need to be scaled accordingly in order to function better. At the same time, in the face of increasingly tight pressures on arable land and water resources, environmental protection requirements and market competition challenges, agricultural operations need to pay more attention to conservation, intensive development and sustainable development, and more attention must be paid to large-scale, specialized, organizational, and socialized operations. Obviously, a large number of scattered, small, and weak operating conditions cannot be matched with these requirements of modern agriculture. “How to plant land” becomes a more critical and more important issue.

It is clear that family management is the basis of China's agricultural operations, and it also recognizes the urgency of accelerating the cultivation of new types of business entities and is crucial to how to build a new type of agricultural management system. It tells us that the innovation of the agricultural management system does not start from scratch, nor does it push back, nor does it “extrude” farmland from the family business. It is in fact an innovation in the form of business, through the encouragement of breeding large families, family farms, professional cooperatives, The industrialization of agriculture has accelerated its growth and it has established a new type of agricultural management system that combines intensification, specialization, organization, and socialization as soon as possible.

Specifically, due to the small-scale land plots, relatively lack of labor force and labor skills, and relatively low individual planting efficiency, the farmers of decentralized operations must create conditions to encourage the transfer of land to large farm owners and family farms, and develop moderate-scale operations, but farmers must be respected. Willingness to ensure the interests of peasant households, and it cannot be developed across the board; even under the guidance of professional big families and family farms, farmers’ professional cooperatives and agricultural product associations will be formed to form a market with large-scale production capacity, quality assurance ability and risk response capability. At the same time, to promote the leading agricultural enterprises to become stronger and bigger, to play a leading role in the "company + farmers" and other forms of industrial chain.