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(1) Biological characteristics 1. Body color and body color Freshwater shark has four colors: black, white, gray and red. The sharks of the first three colors are mostly kept as food fish, and grey sharks are the most popular. Their back is blue, blue on the side of the body, and silvery white on the abdomen; red sharks are crystal puddles and are mostly kept as ornamental fish.
2 Adaptability and diet Freshwater sharks have strong tolerance to hypoxia and wide adaptability, but their ability to resist low temperatures is weak. The optimum temperature is 20 - 34 degrees Celsius, and the optimal growth temperature is 26 - 32 degrees Celsius. When the water temperature is lower than 18 degrees Celsius, the activity is slow and unresponsive; when the water temperature is lower than 12 degrees Celsius, it begins to die. The fish has a mixed diet. Juveniles use zooplankton as feed. Adult fish feed on aquatic plants and artificial compound feeds. The feed protein requirement is 28% - 32%.
3 Growth and reproduction Freshwater sharks have a mixed diet, a large amount of food, and a fast growth rate. When the fry (3-4 cm) was farmed for 4 months, the body weight could reach 0.6 kg or more. The fish is more mature late in life, bred for 3-4 years, and can bred more than 3 kilograms. The breeding season is April-September and is a year-on-year spawning fish.
(2) Breeding Technology 1 The ponds can have a single pond area of ​​1 to 10 mu with a water depth of 1.2 - 2 meters. From April to May of each year, when the water temperature is stable above 18 degrees Celsius, the stocking size can be 5 - 10 centimeters. Seed stocks, stocking capacity per acre - generally between 1000 and 2000 tails, stocking up to 2000-3000 tails in better-quality ponds; feeding artificial pellet feed, feeding 2 times a day, feeding the fish weight 3% - 5%.
2 Polyculture of ponds can be mixed with the four major fish, tilapia, spotted tail (fish back), shrimp, crab, etc. - Generally, the amount of polyculture on the water surface is 100 - 200 tails (size 5 - 10 cm). No need for additional feeding.
3 Net cage culture cage specifications - typically 4m X 4m X 2m or 5m X 5m X 2m, with an effective breeding water body of 25 - 45 m 3 and a stocking specification of 8 - 10 cm species 100 - 150 Tail/cubic meters. Feed artificial pellet feed, feed protein requirements 28% - 32%, preferably floating aquatic feed.
(3) Feeding and Management 1 Feed and feeding hatched fish fry can use aquatic animals and plants as baits, which can be cultivated by means of rearing fry. If cement tanks are used for breeding, they can be fed with leeches or squid feed. When the larvae grow to more than 5 cm, they can feed nutritious pellet feed or crushed material. Adult fish breeding mainly feed pelleted feed. The grain size of the pellets fed at each stage should be compatible with the caliber of the fish, and they should be fed 2 to 3 times per day, and the daily feeding amount should be 3% to 5% of the body weight of the fish. When feeding feed, you should do "three look" and "four set".
2 Diseases and Prevention and Cultivating Practice has shown that freshwater sharks are more sensitive to chemical drugs, so try to avoid the use of chemicals that are highly irritating and have high side effects during feeding. During the epidemic season of fish disease, regular spillage of "chlorine" drugs or addition of "Allicin" and "Oxytetracycline" to the feed will prevent the occurrence of bacterial or viral diseases. In the fry stage, it is easy to infect parasitic diseases such as small melon worms and trichoderma. If suffering from skin diseases such as skin skin, acne, etc., 20 micrograms per gram of Formalin can be used to spray the whole body and maintain the efficacy for more than 2 hours.
Freshwater shark farming technology
Freshwater sharks are also known as Pangasius (fish awns), tiger sharks, sardines, or Bazhen fish. They are mainly distributed in Southeast Asia, and they are newly introduced freshwater species. The key farming techniques are now described below.