Treatment of Mycoplasma Diseases
It is mainly used for prevention and treatment of Mycoplasma suis pneumonia (also known as local epidemic pneumonia of pigs, commonly known as asthma of pigs), Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection (also known as chronic respiratory disease of chickens), contagious pleuropneumonia of sheep (also known as Mycoplasma ovis pneumonia), Mycoplasma bovis mastitis and arthritis, Mycoplasma ovis anomastia and arthritis, Mycoplasma suis serositis, arthritis, Mycoplasma avian synovitis, etc.
During the treatment, broad-spectrum antibiotics such as doxycycline, roxithromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline and erythromycin should be used, and the treatment should be carried out according to the drug instructions. It is used to treat animal Mycoplasma disease.
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Usually consumers encounter such problems. Drugs bought from pharmacies may only take part and the condition has improved. The remaining drugs are only waiting to expire. How to deal with these expired drugs has been implementing some relatively effective policies. The free recycling of drugs is currently the commonly used program. However, it is unavoidable that if overdue drugs are recovered free of charge, they will not be reprocessed by pharmaceutical companies, and they will be mixed into the production line again to make products into the market. Finally, the quality of medicines still requires consumers to pay their own bills.
Shandong Province's largest pharmaceutical retail chain, the Jinan Saitama civilian pharmacy, joined 26 drug manufacturers and promised to renew the indefinitely extended period of time for 286 resident households' expired drugs in order to prevent the sale of drugs into illegal channels, causing drug use. Security risks.
After the family standing drug expires, you can go to the store and exchange it for free. According to Li Qiang, chief marketing officer of Jinan Saitama's civilian pharmacy, the "Family Medicine Case never expires" event consists of 26 domestic and foreign famous manufacturers such as pharmacy joint Yangzi Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou Baiyunshan, Sanjiu Pharmaceutical, and Shijiazhuang Group. The 286 kinds of commonly used household medicines, such as colds, Xiaoshi, and Danshen tablets, produced in the vicinity of the expiration date or the expiration date, can be exchanged free of charge to the pharmacy to a new batch of household standing products with the new batch number of the same manufacturer or the same price as the manufacturer's new batch number.
In recent years, family expired drugs have not only increased public drug use risks, but also caused certain environmental pollution, and more seriously, expired drugs, if not effectively managed, will flow into the hands of unscrupulous traders or unscrupulous medical institutions. It will bring unpredictable and terrible consequences to the entire community. The pharmacy will regularly destroy the recovered drugs under the supervision of the relevant departments, and eliminate the hidden dangers caused by expired drugs.
A group of pleomorphic organisms between viruses and bacteria cause human, animal and plant diseases, called Mycoplasma disease. This disease is highly infectious and can make the disease spread rapidly. It is often infected with other laboratory animal diseases.
1. Mycoplasma spp is a kind of prokaryotic leptocyte, which can reproduce in the medium without leptocyte. Its size is between bacteria and virus, and its diameter is 80-300 μ m. It can pass through the sterilizing filter. It is polymorphous and can be spherical, rod-shaped, filamentous and other irregular shapes. It is gram negative.
2. Epidemiology klincherger et al. (1937) first isolated mycoplasma from the pneumonia foci of rats with bronchiectasis. Mycoplasma is the main pathogen of chronic respiratory diseases in rodent experimental animals, which is widely distributed in the production groups of rats and mice, and even more than Sendai virus and mouse pneumonia virus, The prevalence of mycoplasma is very serious in the experimental rat population in China. Lu Guozhen et al. (1989) reported that the infection rate of common BALB / c mice in the open environment is 40%, and that of clean BALB / c mice in the barrier system is 12.59%, which indicates that the barrier system can effectively control the invasion of the original microorganisms and reduce the infection rate of Mycoplasma. The natural hosts of mycoplasma are rats and mice, Different strains and ages of animals have different susceptibility to Mycoplasma. From cotton rat, hamster, guinea pig.
Mycoplasma was also isolated from rabbits and horses, which can cause arthritis and uveitis in immunized mice. Mycoplasma can often be isolated from the nasopharynx of wild rats. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the feeding management of experimental rats and mice, and strictly prevent wild rats from entering. The infection of this disease is mainly caused by infected rats and Mycoplasma recessive carrier rats, which excrete toxin through respiratory tract secretion, contaminating feed, bedding material, etc In addition, the transportation of animals may also be an important way of transmission. Mycoplasma is an inherent pathogen in mice and rats. Uninfected animals and infected animals are easy to be infected when they are raised in the same cage. Because flat channel is the most vulnerable site to Mycoplasma natural infection, Therefore, the upper respiratory tract becomes the source of infection for other animals and animals' lower respiratory tract and reproductive tract. Mycoplasma is often isolated from vagina and Ziji, but it can not be detected from liver, spleen, kidney and heart. Due to the presence of Mycoplasma in genitalia, it often infects fetal rats and newborn rats, or causes contamination of caesarean section.
3. Clinical symptoms: the experimental animals were infected with mycoplasma, and the political diseases were mainly caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma fulvum and Mycoplasma arthritis, especially Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Mycoplasma pneumoniae mainly caused pneumonia in rats and mice and female reproductive organ diseases (suppurative ovaritis, salpingitis and empyema).
4. Pathological changes Mycoplasma in the respiratory tract of rats caused by Mycoplasma generally does not show gross lesions, and animals infected by a small amount of Mycoplasma do not show or rarely show microscopic lesions. Mild infection is likely to be missed. Therefore, the organs of the respiratory tract and reproductive tract of animals should be made into sections for careful examination, If severe infection or epidemic occurs in mice, typical pathological damage caused by mycoplasma can be seen. For example, syncytial giant cells sometimes appear in nasal cavity and bronchiolitis epithelium of mice, which has certain characteristics and can confirm the existence of Mycoplasma. The pathological changes are mainly manifested as neutrophil infiltration in joints and surrounding tissues and mild proliferation of sea membrane cells, The sea membrane becomes hypertrophic, accompanied by a large number of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages infiltration. The erosion of articular cartilage can lead to serious damage of joints. The pathological changes were as follows: (1) at the initial acute stage (lasting for about 2 weeks), neutrophil infiltration in the joint and surrounding tissues, and proliferation of synovium in the light disc; â‘¡ Acute and chronic inflammatory processes occurred together in the mixed period (3-10 weeks); â‘¢ In chronic stage (11-38 weeks or longer), meningococcal infection, monocyte infiltration and articular cartilage destruction occurred.
5. prevention and control of animals with too much density, high concentration of environment and infection of bacteria or viruses will increase the incidence rate of the rats. Therefore, prevention of this disease should raise the density of animal animal care and prevent the infection of other diseases.
North Africa Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria.
East Africa is Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda and Seychelles.
West Africa usually includes Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Cape Verde, Sierra Leone, Liberia, C ? te d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria, etc.
South Africa is South Africa, including Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho, Mozambique, Republic of South Africa, Namibia, Madagascar, Comoros, Mauritius, Reunion Island, France, St. Helena and ascension.
Central Africa includes the Central African Republic, Chad, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sao Tome and Principe.
Central Asia refers to the inland region of Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan.
Southeast Asia: Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia and Timor Leste.
Countries and regions in West Asia include Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Turkey, Israel, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Yemen, Cyprus, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan.
North African countries and regions include Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Madeira Islands, Azores Islands and Western Sahara.