Contributing to cultivation refers to the fact that after the flower bud differentiation has been completed in a natural condition, the strawberry has taken measures such as heat preservation before entering hibernation, so that it does not enter hibernation, allows the plant to grow normally, and cultivates buds, blossoms and results in an early manner. Strawberry can be listed in advance to early December, the economic benefits are considerable. First, choose the right variety The strawberry that promotes cultivation should use fine varieties with shallow dormancy, strong cold resistance, high yield and high quality. The current cultivars in our province are mainly fragrant. Although the varieties are of good quality, they have low yields, are not beautifully colored, are not resistant to storage and transport, and are extremely resistant to diseases. In response to this situation, I have introduced domestic leading varieties such as Shangri-La, Tongzi No. 1, Tongzi No. 2, Daslaikote and Xingdu No. 2. The test species showed that these varieties have the advantages of high yield, large fruit size, bright appearance, excellent quality, strong disease resistance, and high resistance to storage and transportation. They are the best alternative varieties for Fengxiang. Strawberries Hi hi water and fertilizer, full application of organic fertilizer is particularly important, generally applied per acre rotted organic fertilizer 4000 - 5000kg (preferably chicken manure), diammonium phosphate 20 - 30kg or NPK fertilizer 50kg. After the uniform withdrawal, deep plunge 30cm. The sorghum raises the sorghum, the sacral surface width is 50cm, the sulcus width is 30cm, the sulcus height is 20-25cm, and the septum spacing is 80cm. It is advisable to use a 50-50mg phoxim emulsion to water spray or a 3% carbofuran granule 1.5-2.0kg to control underground pests before soil preparation. III. Management after planting and planting (a) The colonization period for colonization in the north is early September, and the period for the south is from mid-late September to mid-October. Each row is planted in two rows with a spacing of 25-30 cm, a plant spacing of 15-20 cm, and 8000-1000 plants per acre. The date of planting should be selected on rainy days. The planting direction should be the same, the seedlings should be back and forth in the direction of the bow, and the depth should be “not buried in the heart and not rootedâ€. Pay attention to shade after planting. (2) After the planting, after the planting and management, the water shall be poured into the ditch, and the buried seedlings and the rooted seedlings shall be timely adjusted after the water infiltration. In the first week after planting, pour 2-3 times of water. Afterwards, water is poured every 5-7d according to weather conditions. After easing the seedlings, the strawberries begin to thrive, and in order to promote flower bud differentiation, do not top-dressing, less water, just keep the soil moist. And continue to remove the lower old leaves, diseased leaves, yellow leaves. In late September, the first inflorescence began to differentiate, in order to promote the development of flower buds and buds, to recover 10 kg of urea per mu, and timely watering. Fourth, timely insulation, to prevent dwarfing Timely heat preservation is the key technology to promote cultivation, and it should be controlled after the top flower buds differentiate and the plants will go into hibernation before they start warming. That is, when the temperature drops to about 8°C at night, it begins to cover the film, preferably before the first frost. The long-lived non-drip film has the best effect on the film, and it can increase the temperature by 2 °C to 3 °C than the ordinary film. V. Management after heat preservation (1) Within 1 week after the spraying of gibberellin began, choose sunny days, spray 1 - 2 times 5 - 10x10-6 gibberellins, 3 - 5m per plant, pay attention to spraying the heart , The interval between the two is 7 - 10d, the dormant species spray or not spray. (B) 10-15 days after the mulching film covers the ground and the black mulch is the best. After the cover film, the seedlings are lifted above the film surface. (3) Plant management controls the occurrence of stolons and lateral buds and promotes the development of buds. The first bud was required to complete differentiation immediately before the start of the incubation, and the second and third buds continued to differentiate. After the top inflorescence is smoked, leave 2–3 stout lateral buds on both sides and remove the remaining lateral buds and stolons. At the beginning of flowering period, a small amount of weak old leaves of photosynthesis is removed to prevent the spread of buds and gray mold. After flowering, if there are too many flowers, the fruit should be thinned and sparsely fruited. Generally, 2 to 4 inflorescences per plant are left. Each inflorescence stays 8–10 fruits, and large fruits should be thin and small fruits should be dense. Inflorescence stay more, less inflorescences stay. Small fruit, malformed fruit, and pests and fruits all disappeared. (IV) Diseases and Insect Pests Prevention and control The main diseases include powdery mildew, bud blight, and gray mold, etc. The prevention and control method is: using a mixture of grass and water 600 times with water spray or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 600-1000 times spray Prevention and treatment can also be controlled by quick-acting and chlorothalonil fumigants. The main pests are aphids, cockroaches, cockroaches, etc. Control methods: 50% anti-influx WP can be sprayed with 8 to 15g of water per acre, which has a special effect on aphids; alum can be used to spray 20% of swamp 2000 times. Prevention and treatment; can use 50% phoxim EC 1000 times liquid to root control. Six, temperature and humidity management (1) The initial period of heat preservation until the day before flowering is 26°C - 28°C, the maximum is no more than 30°C, nighttime is 12°C - 15°C, and the minimum is no lower than 8°C. (B) The flowering period to the fruit hypertrophy period during the day 22 °C - 25 °C, 12 °C at night, the minimum must not be less than 8 °C, the most important part of this period is the night temperature management. (3) The fruit harvest period is 20°C to 24°C during the day, 8°C to 10°C at night, and the minimum is no lower than 8°C. (d) During the humidity management, when the relative humidity is above 80%, the pollen is not easy to fly, pollinating and fertilizing, and the appropriate pollination humidity is 20%-50%. In order to promote pollination and prevent the occurrence of malformed fruit, a box of bees can be stocked in each shed, and the beehive can be placed into the shed 3–5 days before flowering. Attention should be paid to dehumidification and feeding with sugar and honey regularly. The suitable temperature for bees to collect honey is 20°C to 25°C. Seven, fertilizer and water management After the shed, the soil should be kept moist. Generally, water is poured 1 time before and during the period of heat preservation. The drip irrigation facility can pour water once a week. After the water is combined with topdressing water, it is watered according to the actual situation. After heat preservation, at least 4 to 5 top dressings are applied, namely before cover film, fruit enlargement period, harvest period, fruit period, and plant recovery period after harvest. Top dressing is applied once every 20 days in the early stage of growth, followed by top dressing once per month. NPK fertilizer can be used, the best fertilizer for strawberries, each chase 10 - 15kg per mu. Fertilizer can also be dubbed 0.2% liquid fertilizer, each plant poured about 0.5L, and timely watering, if conditions, the use of irrigation or drip irrigation. Carbon dioxide fertilization in November, every day from 9 am to 4 pm, half an hour after the opening of the grass curtain to reach the indoor carbon dioxide concentration of 750 - 1000ml / L, half an hour before the wind should stop fertilizing. It is better to use 2–3 leaves for growing the plants after incubating. VIII. Management during harvesting (1) Timely top-dressing and prevention of premature senescence contributes to cultivation. Harvesting generally starts in mid-December, when positive flower buds differentiate and develop, the top flower buds begin to grow, and young fruit grows and matures in coexistence, requiring large amounts of nutrients, and therefore the entire collection period. To apply 15% of ammonia-phosphorus potassium fertilizer solution 3 - 5 times, each time with 300 - 1200kg per acre. (b) The inflorescence that enhances plant management and promotes cultivation is generally harvested in mid-February. Plants resumed vigorous growth due to temperature rise. At this time, the inflorescences, old leaves, diseased leaves and excess lateral buds of the harvested fruit should be often removed. Only 3 to 4 lateral buds should be selected. And pay attention to fruit diseases, found that the disease was removed in time. Nine, picking The strawberry that promotes cultivation generally begins to mature in early December, and is the first picking period from early January to mid-February and enters the second picking period after mid-March. The first picking amount generally accounts for 30% to 40% of the total output, and the second picking amount generally accounts for 60% to 70% of the total output. Picking in the middle and late April is basically completed. Pay attention to timely harvesting, light picking, keeping fresh, and timely listing. According to market demand, the time and size of the mining, reasonable packaging, with the mining with the sale, to achieve high yield, high quality and high efficiency.
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