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The growth adaptability of potato is strong. It can be planted everywhere in China. The general growth period is 90 to 110 days. For producing 1000 kg of potatoes, it needs to absorb 3.5 to 5.5 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus (P2O5) 2.0 to 2.2 kg, and potassium (K2O). 10.6 to 12.0 kg, N:P2O5:K2O is 4.5:2.1:11.3, then 1:0.5:2. If the potato yields 1500 kg per mu, the average N-P2O5-K2O absorption is 7-3-17 (kg). Nitrogen can promote the growth of stems and leaves and the accumulation of starch and protein in tubers. Phosphorus promotes plant growth and robustness, improves tuber quality and storability, and increases starch content and yield. Potassium promotes tuber starch accumulation in the late growth stage of potato and improves plant resistance to disease and cold. In addition, the potato is more sensitive to boron and zinc, and boron is beneficial to the expansion of the potato lumps to prevent cracking, and has a special effect on increasing the net photosynthetic productivity of the plants.
Second, fertilization technology Potato fertilization technology should follow the main farmhouse fertilizer, fertilizer supplement, base fertilizer-based, appropriate top dressing principles.
(a) Re-using basal fertilizer. Potatoes are tuber crops. They like loose sandy soil and require a cool climate. The amount of basal fertilizer generally accounts for more than two-thirds of the total amount of fertilizer. Basal fertilizers are mainly mature farmyard fertilizers, and a certain amount of chemical fertilizers, especially phospho-potassium fertilizers, are used as base fertilizers, which can improve the physical properties of the soil and are conducive to growth and growth. Potatoes. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in basal fertilizer accounts for about 50%. The application method of basal fertilizer is to apply furrows or acupuncture points before planting, which is about 15 cm deep. The specific fertilization amount is about 1500 kilograms per mu of land, 1500-2500 kg organic fertilizer per acre, urea 20 kg, 20-30 kg of calcium, potassium fertilizer 10-12 kg, or high nitrogen and potassium fertilizer compound fertilizer 40-60 kilograms, the amount of fertilization in high-yield areas can be appropriately increased. Fertilizers should be applied at 2 to 3 cm from the seed potatoes to avoid direct contact with seed potatoes and cover soil after fertilization.
(b) Early fertilizer application. Fertilizers should be used in conjunction with the potato growth period. During the seedling period, topdressing nitrogen fertilizers can be used to combine cultivating soil with 5~8 kilograms of urea per acre for pouring water, which is beneficial to keeping seedlings. After the potato blossoms, the rhizosphere fertilizer is generally not applied, and in particular nitrogen fertilizer cannot be topdressed. After the potato blossoms, the leaves are mainly sprayed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and 0.3% to 0.5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed per acre. Kg, if there is a lack of nitrogen, it can increase 100-150 grams of urea, spray once every 10 to 15 days, and even spray 2 or 3 times. Potatoes are sensitive to boron and zinc. If the soil is deficient in boron or lacks zinc, it can be sprayed with 0.1% to 0.3% of borax or zinc sulfate. Generally, it is sprayed every 7 days and sprayed twice. 50 to 70 kilograms can be. In particular, farmers should be reminded that potato is a high-potassium crop, and potassium fertilization should be given special attention in balanced fertilization. At the same time, it is not appropriate to use excessive chlorine-containing fertilizers, such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate should be used, otherwise it will affect the quality of potatoes.
Potato Nutrition and Fertilization Technology
First, the nutritional characteristics of potato, also known as potatoes, is a high-starch tuber crops, growth period sub-seedling, tuber formation and growth period, starch accumulation period. During the whole growth period, the potato absorbed the most potassium, followed by the nitrogen fertilizer and the least phosphorus fertilizer. The needs of nutrients for different growth periods have different characteristics. During the seedling stage, the tubers are rich in nutrients and need less nutrients, accounting for about 1/4 of the total growth period. During tuber formation and growth, the growth of shoots and shoots on the shoots and the enlargement of tubers were carried out at the same time. It required more fertilizer and accounted for about 1/2 of the total amount of fertilizer required. During the starch accumulation period, less nutrients are required, accounting for about 1/4 of the total growth period. It can be seen that the nutrient supply during the tuber formation and growth period is sufficient and plays an important role in increasing potato yield and starch content.