Selecting and matching is an important means to increase the breeding rate of geese. In production practice, we must master the following key technologies. The seed retention method is based on the growth and development of the goose and the appearance characteristics of the selected geese is the most convenient method. The selection of breeding geese should be carried out in the following two periods: The first selection should be made at 70 to 80 days of age. Fast-growing, large-bodied, well-healthy, feathery, and other appearance characteristics that meet the requirements of the breed remain as breeding geese. Since this is a primary election, the number of reservations should be 10% to 20% more than the planned number of seeds left, in order to provide a certain number of candidate gaggles for the second choice before laying eggs. The second selection is generally performed at 180 to 200 days of age. At this time, the breeding geese have been fully developed, and the male and female geese have obvious secondary sexual characteristics. The requirements for male and female gooses are as follows: The male goose is required to have large heads and necks, a strong physique, well-balanced parts of the body, tight wings on the body, pronounced frontal sarcoma, great eyes, deep chest and wide back. , Length, length, wide spacing, steady walking, loud and clear. In addition, it is necessary to further examine the development of its genital organs and eliminate goslings with underdeveloped or poorly developed penis. The species of female goose requires a clear head, a slender neck, large body, neat, tight and shiny feathers, shallow forequarters, wide and deep hindquarters, large round abdomen, firm, strong, and wide spacing. Breeding at the right age in the breeding season can maximize the benefits of breeding geese. The early mating of goslings not only affects their own growth and development, but also has poor semen quality; premature mating of female goslings will result in a low rate of qualified eggs and poor goose quality. The sexual maturity of geese is later than that of other poultry. Generally, it takes about 7 months for small and medium-sized geese to emerge from shelling to sexual maturity. Large-scale goose species are later, and it takes 8 to 10 months. Specifically, male geese have a later sexual maturity than female geese; Chinese geese have earlier sexual maturity, while European geese have sexual maturity later. The appropriate proportion of male and female geese in the breeding ratio directly affects the fertilization rate of the breeding eggs. The proportion of breeding geese varies depending on the species, age, breeding methods, breeding season, duration of male and female goose breeding, and feeding and management. In production practice, the proportion of breeding male and female gooses must be adjusted according to the fertility rate of the eggs. Generally, the ratio of male to female of small goose species is 1:7 to 1:6, the ratio of male to female of medium-sized goose species is 1:5 to 1:4, and the ratio of male to female of large-scale goose species is 1:4 to 1:3. The number of goslings should be appropriately reduced when young male goose and old-age goose are involved in mating, and the number of goslings may be appropriately increased when the age-appropriate goose is engaged in mating. Before the breeding season arrives, appropriate early horticulture is beneficial to increase the fertility rate of the eggs, and the number of goslings at the beginning of the gregarion can be appropriately increased. Under good husbandry and management conditions, especially when grazing, the number of goslings can be appropriately reduced; water conditions are good, and springs, summers, and autumns can be matched; water source conditions are poor, and autumn and winter seasons are appropriately matched. It is not only the quality and genetic performance of the geese itself, but also the correct breeding method. The breeding methods of geese are divided into natural breeding and artificial breeding. Natural breeding refers to the placement of a certain number of male geese in the geese so that they can freely mate. Natural breeding can be divided into the following types: Large groups of breeding, that is, in a large group of mother geese in a reasonable proportion of male and female breeding in a certain amount of male goose breeding. This method is mostly adopted in rural breeding geese or breeding grounds. Small group breeding, a male goose and several mother geese form a breeding small group for breeding. This method is mostly used in breeding farms. The individuals are single-matched, ie the male and female geese are raised in the individual pens respectively. When mating, 1 male goose and 1 female geese are selected and paired at regular intervals. This method is conducive to overcoming the habits of the fixed geese in breeding geese, and can increase the proportion of mating geese and the fertilization rate of female geese. When the male goose has a large body shape and the mother goose has a small body shape and is naturally difficult to mate with, it needs manual assistance to complete the mating activity smoothly. In the use of large-scale goose as male parent for crossbreeding, it is often necessary to adopt this mating method to increase the fertility rate of female geese. When implementing manual assisted breeding, the operator should first put the male and female geese together, familiarize them with each other and perform breeding training. After the conditional reflection of the mating is established, the female goose is pressed to the ground and the abdomen touches the ground. Facing the operator, the tail goes outward and the goslings will come forward to climb. The operator can also lie on the left side of the female goose and hold his legs with his hands. The male goose climbs over the back of the female goose and uses the feathers on the head of the female goose. The tail is pressed forward and downward, and the female goose tails upward. When the male goose wings spread out, the penis will be inserted into the mother's vagina and ejaculate. The goose ejaculates immediately after ejaculation. At this time, the operator should quickly turn the cloak of the goose upside down and gently press it around to promote the flow of semen into the goose's vagina. Artificially assisted breeding can effectively increase the fertilization rate of eggs. Years of use Goose is a long-lived poultry, breeding geese longer than other poultry. In general, the egg production of female geese increased year after year from the beginning of production, and began to decrease in the fourth year. Usually, the mother geese produce more than 15% to 25% more eggs in the second year than they did in the first year, and 30% to 50% more eggs in the third year than in the first year. In other words, breeding female geese can generally use 3 to 4 years. Some small early-growth goose species, such as Taihu Goose in China and Kuban Goose in the former Soviet Union, have the highest egg production in the first year. For these species of geese, many farmers are accustomed to adopting the method of “clear year after year†to perform the whole-group replacement. That is, the male and female geese only use one year, and once they reach the end of the laying season, a few geese will be eliminated and used as merchandise gooses. sell. In order to ensure the high yield and stable production of geese, proper age structure should be maintained when selecting geese. The average age of the geese is 30% for 1-year-old female geese, 35% for 2-year-old geese, 25% for 2-year-old geese, and 10% for 4-year-old geese.
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