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Asexual reproduction is currently the most commonly used method in the breeding of aloe varieties, using the vegetative organs or asexual organs (such as roots, suckers, collaterals, terminal buds, etc.) of aloe to reproduce. Individuals of the new aloe species that are bred will continue to grow and develop on the basis of the mother's developmental stage, and they will maintain various genetic properties of the mother.
The reason that vegetative propagation can maintain the genetic characteristics of the maternal body is that during the breeding process, there is no other heterogeneous genetic material involved in the process, not through the process of pollination and insemination, which is the process of reproduction of the maternal cell's genetic material. By mitosis of the cell, the chromosome system in the daughter cell maintains a high degree of consistency with the maternal cell both qualitatively and quantitatively.
The growth of aloe plants is completely dependent on cell division at specific growth points. These growth points are distributed in the apical shoot tips, leaf axils, root tips, cambium, and callus formed in the wounded part of the plant and can also undergo mitosis to form new ones. Nutrient organ growth point. Separated from the new growing point to form a new plant of aloe, this is the physiological basis for asexual reproduction of aloe. Both the lower end of the main stem and the lower branch of the aloe have the ability to produce adventitious roots. After the cutting, the roots of the new aloe plant can be formed. In addition to the apical growth point and lateral growth point, the ability to generate adventitious shoots can be established between the root and the nodes of the stem, thereby growing new branches, and also as a breeding material for aloe breeding and cuttings, performing large-scale Asexual reproduction, production of aloe seedlings.
The main breeding methods for aloe seedlings are:
1. Divide and reproduce Divide and reproduce is the main breeding method of aloe. By artificial means, the young plants of Aloe are separated from the mother and planted separately to form a new plant of Aloe vera that lives independently.
The division and reproduction can be carried out in the whole growth period of aloe, but the temperature conditions in the spring and autumn seasons are the most suitable. The new seedlings of Aloe vera, which are grown in spring and autumn, are faster and easier to survive. As long as the bed is well ventilated, the aloe seedlings can grow quickly.
In the process of division and reproduction, specific methods can be used in two ways. One is to grow from the sucker of the stem or root of the aloe, and the young plant with the young root is peeled off directly from the mother and then transplanted to a nursery or a production field. Another method is to separate seedlings sprouting from the mother plant with the parent strain using a ramet cutter, but do not set aside, leaving the seedlings in place, allowing them to grow for a period of time (generally about half a month), forming an independent The roots of the plants were fully self-supporting. The seedlings were then transplanted with soil, planted in the field, and planted in a timely manner. If the color of the aloe seedlings is cut off and then transplanted with soil, there is basically no “sustained seedling periodâ€. Aloe vera seedlings grow fast, can be carried out at any time in spring, summer and autumn, but it is more laborious.
2. Cutting propagation Cutting propagation is also a method commonly used in the thorough breeding of aloe. The difference between cutting propagation and division breeding is that the division and reproduction is to separate the rooted and intact aloe seedling plants from the mother and reproduce them. . However, cutting propagation is the use of the characteristics of adventitious roots in the lower stems of the main stem and lateral branches of Aloe vera without roots to separate and propagate new plants of aloe, which is particularly suitable for aloe species and varieties with developed branching and easy elongation of stem sections. After removing the apical buds, the lateral buds develop rapidly and many of the grown branches can be used as cutting propagation material.
The cuttings of aloe are mainly stem cuttings and root cuttings, while the leaf cuttings are difficult to succeed. Aloe cuttings can be carried out on the open ground or in a greenhouse shelter or greenhouse. Open field cuttings can be used to open ground beds for large numbers of breeding. Depending on the season, measures such as plastic cover protection or arbour shading can be appropriately adopted to promote rooting and adventitious shoot formation in aloe shoots to increase the survival rate of cutting seedlings.
Environmental factors have a close relationship with the survival of aloe vera cutting and hair growth, and are briefly described as follows:
(1) Temperature: Aloe vera is a tropical plant. Generally, the suitable cutting temperature is 25~~28°C. If the substrate temperature is slightly higher than the temperature by 2–4°C, it is more suitable for rooting and survival of aloe cutting seedlings.
(2) Humidity: Aloe roots need suitable soil moisture. Generally, the maximum water holding capacity of soil in the field is in the range of 50% to 60%. Excessive soil moisture will cause insufficient air in the soil and rot in the cutting.
(3) Illumination: The aloe vera cuttings have leaves, which can carry out photosynthesis and various physiological activities, and can transport synthetic auxin down and accelerate the rooting of the lower healing wound.
(4) Oxygen: Breathing is enhanced when a new root of wound healing occurs in the aloe vera cutting end. Therefore, it is required that the cutting substrate has good air permeability, so as to ensure the oxygen requirement of the aloe vera cutting in the rooting process.
(5) PH value: Aloe vera cuttings are generally easy to take root in the medium between pH 6.5-7.2, when the PH value is acid and alkaline, it is not conducive to the rooting of aloe vera, for the acid soil, Lime can be used to improve seedlings before nursery. Branch grafting is the grafting method using the shoots of the plant as the scion. Branching is generally performed when the sap begins to flow in the spring, the cortex has not yet been exfoliated, or when the rootstock peels but the scions have not yet sprouted. Commonly used grafting techniques include cutting, splicing, splicing, tongue-jointing, etc. Now, the cutting, splicing, and tongue-jointing are introduced as follows.
First, cut 1 apply: cut for root neck 1-2 cm thick rootstock for ground grafting. 2 Scion cutting: Scion cut into 5-8 cm long, with 3-4 buds, cut the scion into two noodles, one long and one short, the long bevel is 2-3 cm long and cuts back to the back. A small incline less than 1 cm makes the wedge below the scion flat. 3 Rootstock processing: Cut the rootstock 4-6 cm from the ground. The side of the selected root veneer was thick and smooth with a knife. The knife was cut perpendicularly at the place where the xylem was slightly inside the section of the skin. The depth was slightly shorter than the long bevel of the scion, and the width was equal to the diameter of the scion. 4 Joining: Put the scion into the cut side and insert it into the cut of the rootstock. Make sure that the scion is aligned with the rootstock forming layer. If it cannot be aligned on both sides, align the side. 5 Bundle: Use hemp or plastic strips, etc., and apply sealing wax. Apply wet ripping from the bottom up and scoop 3-4 cm above the scoop.
Second, the skin graft 1 Application: The use of skin graft is a commonly used method of grafting, mostly used for high-replacement head, the method is simple and rapid operation, this method must be in the case of sprouting rootstock, peeling can be used . 2 Scallion cut: Cut the scion into 3-5 cm long noodles. If the scion is thick, cut the noodles should be longer. Cut a small cut surface of about 1 cm on the back of the long noodles to sharpen the lower end to form a wedge. The 2-3 buds are reserved for the scions, and the top buds are left to face each other. The thickness of the scion is usually 0.3-0.5 cm. The specific thickness should be determined according to the thickness of the scion and the species. 3 Rootstock processing: Any rootstock with a diameter of 10 cm or more can be inserted into the skin. Select the appropriate height on the rootstock. Select a smoother part to cut off or cut off. The section should be vertical to the branch, and the section should be cut with a knife. To heal. 4 Joining: Select a smooth and curved part on the flattened rootstock, draw a longitudinal incision slightly shorter than the cut noodles through the skin, and reach deep into the xylem. Use the knife to gently stir up both sides of the incision with a knife and put the scion. In the center of the cortical interface, the long section faces the xylem. The xylem is inserted between the xylem and the cortex of the rootstock.
Third, the tongue connected 1 Application: This grafting is very suitable for scion and rootstock diameter is very small (diameter 6-12 mm), and the use of the same thickness, the method of the formation of a layer of the anvil ear contact surface is quite large, Healing is quick and it is good for survival. 2 Scioning: Cut a long noodles about 2.5 cm long at the internodes below the base of the scions. The noodles need to be smooth and flat, and then a vertical slit is cut perpendicular to the top 1/3 of the noodles, which is about 1 cm long. This forms a tongue-shaped mouth downward. 3 rootstock processing: the method with the scion cut. 4 joint: the scion and the tongue of the rootstock butt joints, forming a layer alignment, can not be aligned on both sides, but also to one side, to maximize the formation of layer contact. 5 Bundle: Use a plastic strip to secure the connector securely.
After grafting, it is necessary to check the survival condition in time and release the tied objects. Generally, it takes 20-30 days to see whether it survives or not. After survival, the direction of the selected position is better, and the upper one that grows robustly grows and the rest is removed. For those who have not survived, a strong branch should be selected from the roots and the rest cut off to make it grow robustly and be used as a graft for the next spring. After the fruit trees are grafted, they become semi-emerged seedlings, and the spring branches are harvested in the fall of the year. For the normal growth and development of grafted seedlings, a series of management measures are also needed. During the period of June-July, 1-2 times of topdressing, 10-15 kg of urea per acre can be traced, and water can be used to lift the seedlings. It is also possible to dig trenches buried in the soil 2 inches away from the original seedlings, and timely irrigation after top dressing. Can also use 0.3% -0.5% urea solution for foliar spray.
Fruit trees spring branches three methods
Although aloe vera can also be flowered and seeded, in addition to cultivating new aloe varieties, artificial hybrids and sexual reproduction are generally used for cutting propagation, that is, vegetative propagation. Since vegetative propagation is fast and varieties have excellent characteristics that can be stably maintained, agroponics can be propagated using clonal propagation methods regardless of home planting or large-scale industrial plantation operations.