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Causes of multiple ears From the perspective of the biological characteristics of corn, in addition to the top 4 to 6 nodes, there are axillary buds on each node, the axillary buds on the non-extensible main stem will form tillers, and the axillary buds on the extended joints will differentiate. Ears. Under normal circumstances, only the upper 1 or 2 axillary buds can differentiate into the ear, but in the case of excess nutrients, it will stimulate the differentiation and development of 3 to 5 axillary buds, forming a phenomenon of multiple spikes (some waxy corn and sweet corn varieties, Under appropriate conditions, multiple axillary buds will develop into panicles at the same time, often with 2 to 3 ears per plant (even more). In addition, the ear of corn is botanically a metamorphosed side stem, the stem is short-stemmed, and each section has a petiole-only metamorphic leaf (temporal leaf), and a certain number of axillary buds are lurking in the leafhopper. In the case of spindle death and accumulation of nutrients, these axillary buds will also sprout and develop into multiple spikelets.
Multi-spike incentives (1) Bad weather. The high temperature and dry weather or cloudy or rainy weather will make corn appear more than one ear. Last year, maize in the Huaibei region of our province had multiple spikes, which was mainly due to abnormal high-temperature and drought weather during tassel pollination. As a result, pollen grains quickly lost water and died. The first female ear had low fertilization rate and the growth was inhibited. The latent axillary buds in the lower leaf axils begin to develop, and nutrients are transported to other ear heads to form multiple spikes, but these ears are basically not robust or have a low seed setting rate. (2) pests and diseases. Maize is affected by the dwarf disease. The kinetin produced by the virus will break the hormone balance in the plant, leading to the loss of the ear position of the first female ear, promoting the germination of other axillary buds and forming many spikelets. The earlier the disease, the more obvious the phenomenon of multiple ears. (3) Improper cultivation and management. During the development stage of maize, the supply of fertilizer and water is too large, which promotes the development of multiple spikes of multiple female inflorescences. The excessive planting density resulted in the closure of the field, poor pollination, and abnormal development of the ear, prompting the development of other axillary buds and the formation of multiple spikes.
Preventive measures (1) Choose the species suitable for local planting. (2) Scientific management of fertilizer. Before and after corn tasseling, the soil moisture content is required to be between 70% and 80%, and irrigation should be conducted in case of drought. According to the variety of fertilizer requirements, planting areas, cultivation methods and other reasonable fertilization. Medium field land mass, 60 kg of three-element compound fertilizer per mu, and 3 to 4 leaf stages, 10 kg of urea or 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, and 12 to 13 leaf stages of 30 kg of urea or carbonic acid per acre. Hydrogen ammonium 70 kg. (3) Suitable sowing. Avoid sowing at the peak of the transmission of SBPH to prevent the occurrence of corn rough dwarf disease. In the Huaibei region, spring maize should be sown on April 10-20, and summer maize should be sown after June 18. (4) Proper close planting. Maintain the ventilation and light transmission between plants and improve the utilization of light energy. Compact maize varieties are planted with 3500-4000 plants per acre. (5) Strengthen field management. Timely cultivating and weeding to keep soil loose. After multiple spikes appear, one or two spikes are reserved, and other spikes are removed in time to avoid consumption of nutrients and promote normal growth of the ear.
Take comprehensive measures to prevent multiple ears of corn
A multi-spike phenomenon occurred in spring maize in some plots in northern Jiangsu in the past year. The seed setting rate was very low, only 20 to 30 grains per panicle, or even no grains, and the yield was severely reduced.