Eucommia ulmoides is a very important national strategic resource unique to China. It is not only a precious woody Chinese herbal medicine tree, but also a very precious high-quality natural rubber resource. Eucommia peel, bark and leaves are rich in gutta percha. Let's talk to you about the high-efficiency cultivation techniques of Eucommia ulmoides. 1 Research Status of Eucommia Orchard Cultivation Techniques The strong market demand of Eucommia ulmoides industry and the revolutionary innovation of Eucommia cultivation technology have provided a broad space for the development of Eucommia orchard fruit-efficient high-efficiency cultivation. Eucalyptus orchard high-efficiency cultivation primary products are Eucommia ulmoides (seed), Eucommia ulmoides and Eucommia ulmoides leaves, which can enter the fruiting stage in 3 to 5 years. The yield of Eucommia ulmoides can reach 150-200kg, and the production of eucommia gum can reach 20-30kg. Sustainable harvest for more than 50 years, the economic benefits are extremely significant. 2 Eucommia orchard high-efficiency cultivation and gardening technology 2.1 The principle of building a garden The principle of the construction of the Eucommia orchard high-efficiency cultivation base is to ensure the high standard and high quality of the construction of the Duzhongfeng production park, so as to make early results and early yield, and to reduce the construction cost and management cost as much as possible. 2.2 Building mode The following is a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the modern Eucommia orchard high-efficiency cultivation mode, and proposes a new model of rapid construction of the high-standard and high-standard control seedlings of Eucommia ulmoides. The root-controlling rapid seedling container is a new rapid seedling raising technique to regulate root growth. The root-control rapid seedling technology adopts a special seedling container to control the growth of the main root system, promote the rapid growth of capillary roots, form a thick and short developed fibrous roots, and the number is large, the total root amount is increased by 30 to 50 times, the roots are adequately nutritious, and the trees grow vigorously. The survival rate of seedlings is over 98%, the seedling cycle is shortened by half, and the management workload after transplanting is reduced by more than 50%. When transplanting, no seedlings, no roots, no need to cut heads, cut branches, and picking leaves, it is possible to transplant whole seedlings in full crown, which is known as a movable forest. The main technical link of this planting technology is to use Eucommia ulmoides seedlings to cultivate eucommia ulmoides in the nursery field for 2 to 3 years old seedlings. The size of Eucommia ulmoides seedlings reaches 3cm above ground and the tree skeleton is basically formed. The large-scale root-control container Eucommia seedlings was directly set up to build a garden. This model was used to build the garden. Since the seedling age of the seedlings in the nursery field has reached 2 to 3 years, the diameter of the seedlings has reached more than 3 cm, and the canopy skeleton has basically formed. It is not necessary to start the seedlings when transplanting, and there is no slow seedling period after planting. It can significantly accelerate the vigorous growth of Eucommia ulmoides and effectively shorten the results of Eucommia. The result period of Eucommia orchard can be shortened from 4 to 5 years to 2 to 3 years. Due to the intensive degree of Eucommia seedling cultivation period, the administrative cost of land occupation, land rent and employment is relatively low, which can effectively reduce the initial investment cost of Eucommia orchard cultivation. 2.3 Production target Duzhong's large-scale root-control container Miao Jianyuan entered the fruiting period 2 to 3 years later. The annual yield of Eucommia ulmoides fruit reached 150-200kg. The yield of Eucommia ulmoides flowers reached 100-150kg, and the yield of Eucommia ulmoides reached 300-500kg. The annual output value of Eucommia Orchard is more than 5,000 yuan. 2.4 Building Technology 2.4.1 Garden selection and fertilization in cultivated land Eucommia ulmoides and high-yield gardens should have sufficient light conditions, deep soil layers, fertile flat soil or hilly hills with a slope of less than 10, and open areas with good production conditions. When planting, the length of the hole is 0.8~1.0m, and 20-40kg of farmyard manure is applied to each hole, and 1kg of cake fertilizer is added. The high-density empty plantation adopts the way of cultivating trees, and the bandwidth is 0.8m×0.8m. The length depends on the terrain. The farmyard manure and cake fertilizer are applied in the ditch, the amount of fertilizer applied per mu is 2~3m3, and the cake fertilizer is 150kg. 2.4.2 Seed selection The excellent varieties "Hua No. 8", "Huazhong No. 10" and "Daguoshuzhong" selected by the Chinese Academy of Forestry Economic Forest Research and Development Center were selected as the main varieties, "Huazhong No. 5" and "Huazhong 11". No. "Duzhong good species as a planting variety. These durian varieties have early fruit, high yield, high yield, high content of exocarp, high content of alfalfa-linolenic acid in the crude fat of the kernel, and good economic benefits. It is an excellent variety suitable for high-yield cultivation of Duaojiao. . 2.4.3 Planting density, method and line to the Eucommia orchard for efficient cultivation and construction of the park should be comprehensive consideration, early, high yield, stable production, quality and ease of management and production costs, etc., the overall planning and design of Du seed garden. According to the technical characteristics of the large-scale root-control container Miao Jianyuan, there are three planting densities that can be used. 1 plant spacing 3m × row spacing 4m, 56 plants per mu; 2 plant spacing 2m × row spacing 4m, 84 plants per mu; 3 plants 1m × row spacing 3m, 222 plants per mu; the first and second models are the main gardening mode, male and female According to the 9:1 configuration, the forest can be used as a peony, edible fungus and eucommia chicken for three-dimensional planting. The third mode is mainly used to construct the Duzhongxiong Garden. It is only necessary to plant the cultivar clones of Eucommia ulmoides, and there is no need to configure female plants. Planting configuration: The main varieties of Eucommia orchard are “Huazhong No.6â€, “Huazhong No.8†and “Daguo Duzhongâ€. The pollination variety is “Huazhong No.5†and “Huazhong No.11â€. The proportion is 9:1, the configuration method adopts the interlaced configuration pollination tree, or the plum blossom configuration pollination tree, the configuration is uniform, and the management is the principle. The Duzhong Garden, which aims to produce Eucommia ulmoides, can directly use the “Huazhong No. 5†and “Huazhong 11†and other excellent male plants to build a garden, regardless of the configuration. Planted in the north and south of the flat land and beach, it is easy to receive light on both sides of the canopy, and absorb direct light. The hilly mountain line is determined by the terrain, so that the field operation is the principle. 2.4.4 Post-plant management Due to the use of the root-cropping container for planting, the seedlings are transplanted without damage to the roots, and the seedlings are not slowed down. The management after planting is relatively simple, and only daily management such as normal watering, fertilization, weeding, etc., can ensure rapid gardening. 2.4.5 Cultivation and pruning techniques of Duo's high-yield gardens When cultivating large-size excavated container Eucommia ulmoides seedlings, the tree shape has been cultivated in an empty direction, and the tree-shaped skeleton has basically formed. After the planting, the plastic trimming is relatively simple, and the tree body control technology management can be done. 2.4.6 Eucommia orchard high-efficiency cultivation of soil and fertilizer water management Dujuan orchard high-efficiency cultivation, using a pollution-free ecological organic cultivation mode. Therefore, if we can combine the animal husbandry and breeding of Eucommia ulmoides, we can provide a large amount of organic fertilizer for Eucommia orchards while obtaining the excellent meat of Dusong livestock and poultry, so as to improve the comprehensive economic benefits of Eucommia orchard cultivation. 3 Eucommia orchard cultivation and comprehensive utilization mode 3.1 Eucommia - Peony three-dimensional planting mode Using the eco-learning nature of oil-tolerant peony, the three-dimensional planting of Eucommia-peony three-dimensional planting mode is adopted. After 5 years of construction, 200 kg of Eucommia fruit can be produced per mu, 250 kg of peony seeds are produced, and the annual output value per mu is Can reach more than 10,000 yuan. Comprehensive development of eucommia, eucommia, eucommia and peony oil, the economic benefits will be extremely impressive. 3.2 Eucommia-chicken-Morei three-dimensional breeding cycle mode The use of Eucommia ulmoides forest ecological environment to produce green and pollution-free organic food can take into account the long-term benefits and short-term benefits of Eucommia ulmoides orchard cultivation, and quickly recover investment to improve economic benefits. The three-dimensional comprehensive breeding technique of “eucommia-chicken-bacteria†using ducks under the Eucommia ulmoides forest and the onion species of the morel is the multiplication of the economic benefits of Eucommia orchard cultivation. The breeding cycle pattern is as follows: Morchella is a native-type low-temperature fungus. The cultivation period is from mid-October to April of the following year, and the forest land is idle from May to October. Therefore, adopting autumn and winter to early spring cultivation of morel, summer forest stocking of Eucommia ulmoides, "forest-chicken-bacteria" organic combination, woodland provides a good ecological environment for chickens, chicken manure increases soil organic matter, nourishes improved soil, promotes tree growth . The increase of soil organic matter has obvious synergistic effect on the cultivation of morel, and increases the yield of morel. The cultivation period of morel is autumn and winter and early spring. At this time, it is autumn and winter and early spring. The outside climate is cold. Chickens are not suitable for stocking under the forest (slow growth, low egg production rate). After purchasing chickens in October. First, indoor feeding is 5 to 6 months. At the end of the second year, the chicken has grown into the laying period. At this time, the cultivation of the morel is over, and the chicken can be placed in the forest. Such a culture cycle, two batches of morel can be planted in two years, and two batches of Eucommia chickens are cultured. 3.3 Eucommia ulmoides-Baiyu forest medicine planting mode White peony is a valuable Chinese medicinal material, belonging to the orchid family. It prefers a cool and humid ecological environment and is highly resistant to negative growth. It grows well under Eucommia forest. Therefore, the selection of the valuable Chinese herbal medicine Baiqi in the Eucommia ulmoides garden can significantly improve the economic benefits of Eucommia orchard cultivation. It is also possible to plant Chinese herbal medicines such as Salvia miltiorrhiza, Radix Astragali, Bupleurum and Polygonatum under the Eucommia fruit garden. The above is all the content of today, I hope that these contents can help the farmers' friends get rich ideas! 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