To determine the load of a tree in an apple tree, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the variety and the quality of fruit set, and also consider the cultivation level and climatic conditions. At the same time, reference and analysis of market demand trends. First, the load adjustment method 1. Leaf to fruit ratio method. Flowers and fruits mainly rely on the absorption of roots and the growth of nutrients synthesized by the leaves. There is an interdependent relationship between supply and demand. The ratio of leaf to fruit in medium-sized varieties should be 20 to 40:1, and that in large-sized varieties should be 40 to 50:1. 2. Fruits and vegetables than law. That is, the number of branches and fruits that were cut last year. General large fruit varieties can be mastered 3:1, weak trees 4 ~ 5:1, small fruit varieties 2 ~ 3:1. 3. The trunk area method. According to research, generally, 3 to 4 fruits per square centimeter of dry cross-sectional area can be retained. In addition, taking into account the problem of falling and falling fruit in the later period, an appropriate 20% reserve flower should be added on the basis of the appropriate amount of fruit. 4. Crown volume method. The size of the crown is positively correlated with the photosynthetic capacity. The fruit growth mainly depends on the photosynthate of the leaves. Therefore, the load can be determined according to the crown volume. Generally, 20-30 fruit trees (or 5-8 kg) per cubic meter of tree crown are appropriate, and the amount of fruit suitable for storage is 2DH (kg). D is the projected diameter of the crown, H is the height of the canopy, D, H units are measured in meters. In addition, comprehensive consideration should be given based on the actual conditions of the climate and orchards in various regions, such as species composition, age of trees, and strength of the tree. Second, the determination of the load Because of different varieties, different Qiao and Dwarf anvils, different tree ages and canopies, different tree vigor and different management levels, the appropriate load of fruit can not determine a unified standard. Under normal cultivation and management conditions, the load of strong and vigorous trees may be higher, and the weaker trees are lower, and the golden mean tree may be centered. If the calculation is based on the number of results per unit area, the fruit yield per hectare in the high yield apple orchard is large, such as red Fuji, new red star, golden crown, etc., suitable for 225,000 to 300,000 fruits; small fruit Guoguang et al. Ten thousand to 600,000 are appropriate. The varieties with more blooming, fewer fruit set and serious fruit drop and drop should have more flower buds when trimming; the lighter fruit with falling flowers and the higher fruit set rate and species can reduce the amount of flower buds when trimming. In normal years and under general cultivation and management conditions, the flower buds per 100 cubic meters of canopy of apple trees in full fruit period should be controlled at about 1500, that is, about 15 flower buds per cubic meter of tree canopy. The ratio of flower buds to leaf buds is preferably 1:3. Red Fuji apples with a yield of 22,500 to 30,000 kilograms per hectare can be harvested at fruiting ratio of 5:1. The flowering rate in the second year can still reach more than 30%, and it can continue to form enough flower buds. For young trees, it is necessary to advance the results, but also to form a solid skeleton, prevent excessive results, causing premature aging. Therefore, when pruning young trees, we must pay attention to the results, but also pay attention to plastic surgery, two aspects can not be neglected; into the fruit after the big tree, the size and height of the canopy is basically stable, the plastic surgery has been completed, mainly to maintain stability The yield. Therefore, depending on the proportion of flower buds and leaf buds, the flower bud retention should be determined. In the absence of natural disasters such as low temperature, rain, wind, hail, etc., flower buds may be appropriately left. In this way, although the number of results may be less, the fruit quality will be significantly improved and the economic benefits will not be reduced. When determining the number of flower buds, it is also necessary to consider the strength of tree power. The tree that grows vigorously can leave more flower buds to ease the growth of the tree; the tree that grows weaker should leave fewer flower buds in order to rejuvenate the tree potential and extend the result of years; the soil layer is rich and fertile, the fertilizer and water supply is adequate, and the management level is In the higher gardens, some flower buds may be left as appropriate, but the others shall be left less; trees with large and small annual results will remain, and will be kept at a young age and stay in the early years. The appropriate amount of fruit remaining, in addition to pruning to adjust, but also to strengthen the comprehensive management of soil fertilizer and water, and with sparse, fruit thinning measures, effectively prevent and overcome the phenomenon of large and small results, and strive for high quality, high yield for successive years.
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