1 Pathogen and Etiology Therapy 1.1 Pathogen Therapy Treatments for pathogenic factors that cause disease, such as pathogens, viruses, or parasites. For these pathogens, appropriate immune serum, antibiotics, or chemical agents should be used for treatment. 1.2 Etiology therapy Also known as pathogenesis therapy, it is a treatment method adopted in response to the occurrence mechanism of the disease. Its purpose is to promote the recovery of the dysfunction of organs and tissues, so that the sick beast can quickly heal. According to the characteristics of the disease, the correct choice of treatment is a complex judgment process. 1.3 Alternative Therapy This method can sometimes act as a pathogenic therapy, sometimes as a causative therapy. In the event of vitamin deficiency, alternative therapies act as etiologic agents, and when endocrine function declines, hormonal therapies play a role in etiological therapy. 2 Prey food therapy For the purpose of treatment, select appropriate feeds, provide special nutrition for diseased beasts, and formulate reasonable feeding standards and feeding systems. Prey therapy is the use of food to control the occurrence, development and rehabilitation of the disease. If an animal develops gastroenteritis, which is thought to be caused by a feed ingredient, then the harmful ingredients are stopped and fed to eggs, dairy products that are beneficial for the recovery of enteritis, are less irritating, and are easily digestible; The animal is overweight and has a weekly hunger strike; the animal is too thin and should increase the amount of feed and improve the body's resistance. Implementation of therapeutic feeding should pay attention to the following points. 2.1 Supply sufficient vitamins, In order to meet the nutritional needs of the beasts and to supplement the nutrients consumed by the disease, in addition to providing adequate energy and nutrition, attention must be paid to the supplementation of vitamins and inorganic salts. 2.2 Supply nutritious, well-paced feed Choose feeds that are easy to digest and have good nutrition and taste, and choose feeds that are preferred by diseased beasts. 2.3 Supply special nutritional feed for sick animals Feeds fed to diseased beasts should meet the characteristics of their nutritional needs. 2.4 Implementation of feeding system suitable for the characteristics of diseased beasts According to the condition, starvation therapy and half-starvation therapy can be implemented. When changing to normal feeding, individual conditions and disease characteristics should be carefully considered and the feeding time must be strictly observed. 3 specific therapies Treatments for drugs that inhibit or cause adverse conditions or even kill pathogens, also known as targeted therapies (specific treatment methods), are widely used in veterinary practice. Depending on the purpose of the drug and the drug used, specific therapies can be broadly classified into antibiotic therapy, sulfa drug therapy, immune serum therapy, toxoids, antitoxin therapy, immunotherapy, and the like. 3.1 Antibiotic therapy The use of traits produced by the characteristics of antibiotics for the treatment of diseases, called antibiotic therapy. Such as β-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins), tetracyclines, aminoglycosides (streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, etc.), macrolides (red (Clindamycin, Midecamycin, Spiramycin, Acetyl Spiramycin, etc.), Polypeptides, Lincomycin Antibiotics. Penicillin is commonly used in the treatment of gram-positive bacterial disease and streptomycin is used to treat gram-negative bacterial disease. In order to improve the curative effect of antibiotics, the following principles must be mastered in the application: 1 It is not a disease caused by microorganisms, and it cannot be used indiscriminately; 2 According to the different pathogenic microorganisms, targeted selection and use of antibiotics are required. 3.1.1 penicillin antibiotics benzyl penicillin potassium (penicillin G potassium), soluble in water, saline or glucose solution. In the event of acid, alkali, heavy metals, oxidants, glycerol quickly expired, the dry crystalline powder is stable, its aqueous solution is extremely unstable, and can be stored within the refrigerator within 24 hours. Mainly used for all kinds of infections caused by susceptible bacteria, such as respiratory infections, pneumonia, bronchitis, meningitis, endocarditis, peritonitis, abscesses, sepsis, gonorrhea, diphtheria, otitis media and so on. 3.1.2 Tetracycline antibiotics This class of antibiotics mainly includes tetracycline, terramycin, nor-AChomycin, and semi-synthetic derivatives of tetracyclines such as doxycycline, terramycin, and dimethylamine tetracycline. Widely used in clinical, but because of its poor solubility, there are certain side effects, so the use of certain restrictions. This class of drugs is mainly used for mycoplasma pneumonia, Rickettsia; brucellosis, relapsing fever and other susceptible strains. 3.1.3 Aminoglycoside antibiotics Aminoglycoside antibiotics are antibiotics that are easily soluble in water, stable in properties, and of wide use. Its main features are broad antibacterial spectrum, and it has strong antibacterial effects on Gram-positive bacteria, negative bacteria, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disadvantage is that it has a large toxicity to the kidneys and nervous system. The main manifestation is the effect on the eighth pair of brain nerves (including the vestibular and auditory nerves). 3.1.4 Peptide Antibiotics Sulfated polymyxin E (colistin, antibiotics), polymyxin B sulfate, bacitracin, vancomycin hydrochloride. 3.1.5 Lincomycin antibiotics The antibacterial spectrum of this class of antibiotics is similar to that of erythromycin, and it has a good effect on Gram-positive bacteria. Its characteristic is that it is widely distributed in the body and can enter the bone tissue, in the bone tissue. Higher concentrations, lower toxic and side effects, safer use, the main side effects are gastrointestinal reactions, and occasionally cause pseudomembranous colitis, clinical use of Lincomycin hydrochloride (lincomycin). 3.2 Sulfa drug therapy Sulfonamides are chemically synthesized substances that play an important role in veterinary clinics. They have a good effect on certain diseases such as pneumonia, pulmonary gangrene, intestinal diseases, nephritis and urinary tract infections, especially with antibiotics. Alternate use, the effect is more significant. The following points should be noted when using sulfa drugs. 3.2.1 The dose must be sufficient for good results. Early medication must be used and sufficient doses must be guaranteed. Because only when the animal body reaches a sufficient concentration can it work, otherwise it will not only eliminate the bacteria, but will make the bacteria produce resistance. The first oral dose should be doubled, and then changed to maintenance dose, every 4 to 6 hours to take 1 dose, injection 2 times a day (early and evening 1), can be used in conjunction 3 to 10 days, generally 7 days to 1 One course of treatment. Clinical symptoms disappeared or body temperature dropped to room temperature 2 to 3 days after drug withdrawal. 3.2.2 Prevent accumulation of poisons Sulfonamides have a cumulative effect, and prolonged use can easily cause poisoning, especially sulfathiazole. The manifestations of poisoning are conjunctivitis, leucopenia, kidney stones, dyspepsia, etc. Therefore, during the medication, the appetite, feces, and urination of the diseased animal should be observed, and routine blood tests should be performed when necessary. The above-mentioned suspicious phenomenon was found to be promptly stopped and replaced with other antibiotics. To reduce irritation and urinary tract stones, it is often used in conjunction with the same amount of sodium bicarbonate. Animals with liver and kidney disease are prohibited from using sulfa drugs. 3.2.3 Incompatibility Sulfa drugs should not be used together with sulphide, procaine, and acetanilide. For long-term use, vitamin preparations should be supplemented, especially for supplying Vc. 3.2.4 intravenous injection of sulfa drugs before the drug (liquid) must be warmed to close to the temperature of the animal body, the injection rate should be slow, otherwise it is easy to cause animal beast shock and death. 3.3 Serum Therapy The use of bacteria or viruses to immunize animals to obtain high serum-free, treatment of certain corresponding diseases, this method is called serum therapy. Serum therapy is highly specific and one serum can only treat the corresponding disease. For example, dogs can be treated with hyperthermia-free serum to treat canine distemper; anthrax immune serum can only treat anthrax; pasteurella immune serum can only treat pasterellosis. 3.4 Toxoid Therapy The toxins produced by certain bacteria are treated so that they lose their toxicity but still retain their antigenicity. The methods used to prevent and treat the corresponding diseases are called toxoids. For example, Clostridium botulinum can produce a toxin on meat feeds. After being treated so that it loses its toxicity, Clostridium botulinum poisoning can be treated. 3.5 Antitoxin Therapy Antitoxins are hyperimmune serum obtained by immunizing animals with toxoids. Using this serum can treat some of the corresponding diseases. For example, tetanus antitoxin can treat tetanus. 3.6 Vaccine Therapy It is the use of certain microorganisms to make dead bacteria (poison) or live attenuated vaccines to prevent and treat the corresponding diseases. 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