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Three optical properties associated with orchids
The basic function of light is to provide energy for photosynthesis of plants. For orchids, light can affect its growth and flowering. The climate characteristics in different parts of China are different. In addition to the seasonal influence, the natural light quantity and photoperiod of the regions are also affected by the local climate. For practitioners of large-scale production of orchids, this condition must be considered. There are three types of optical properties associated with orchids. The photoperiod is a parameter that changes from year to year and can change the photoperiod to adjust the flowering time of plants. However, the research data of orchid flowering mechanism and light period are not complete, and there are still many problems to be solved. In order to shorten the light period, greenhouse production requires short daylight treatment, which can be achieved only by using a shady screen. If the light period is extended, artificial light sources must be used. The photoperiod required for orchids differs from orchid strains and varieties. Some orchid varieties can only bloom under short-day conditions such as Cadillac, Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis. Blooming orchids in the short winter sunshine period, prolonged light can inhibit its flowering. However, continuous light damages plants, so there is a minimum of 6 hours of darkness daily. The light quality sunlight spectrum includes ultraviolet light, visible light, near infrared light, and far infrared light. The energy released is related to the wavelength. The shorter the wavelength, the stronger the energy of the light, such as ultraviolet light; the longer the wavelength, the weaker the energy, such as red light. Measuring the proportion of light at different wavelengths requires the use of a complex spectrometer. The ratio of far-infrared light energy to red light energy influences stem elongation, and orchids under strong light show very obvious in this respect. Plants can effectively filter out red light, penetrate or reflect far-red light, so the shaded plants, the ratio of red light energy to far-red light is reduced, and plants are overgrown. There are two units for the calculation of the light quantity of light, the instantaneous measured value and the total daily sunshine measurement. The amount of sunlight corresponds to the amount of sunshine and hours of sunshine. The light units used in greenhouse production are lux and μmol/m2s. Another energy unit, w/m2, is used to represent the energy entering the greenhouse. Light unit conversion is very important, especially when the light units are not yet unified. Different technical data use different units and they need to be exchanged before they can be applied. Orchid production needs to pay attention to the amount of light. If the amount of light is too low, the orchids cannot bloom, and the new leaves are weak. When the amount of light is too strong, the leaves will be burnt, spots will appear and the ability to photosynthesis will be lost, too much light will cause the petals to have spots and flowers to be deformed. In order to reduce the amount of sunlight entering the greenhouse, a shading screen may be used and an automatic control system may be used. However, it is important to note whether the internal and external shading networks block some of the special spectra, which may lead to a reduction in the quality of orchids.