The Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of Australian Line Pattern Tip Pond

The line-shaped tip pond oystercatcher belongs to the genus 鲈 鲈 目, 嘏 亚 亚, 鳢 鳢, 尖 鳢. It is commonly known as Australia's "fish shellfish." It is a kind of valuable food fish with delicate meat and delicious taste. At present, the “fish shellfish” marketed by the domestic aquatic products market is mainly imported from Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and other countries. It is commonly known as Thailand’s “fish shellfish” and the price of a commercial fish weighing 250-400g. More than 100 yuan / kg, 2.5--5cm seedlings priced at 1.3-1.5 yuan / tail. In 1998, Dongguan Nanfang Special Fisheries Research Institute took the lead in the introduction of the Australian line grain Jiantang, and in 2001 it broke through artificial breeding and launched a batch of commercial fish. It became an integral part of the “fish shell fish” on the market.
First, the biological characteristics of the line pattern Jiantang is similar to the cloud spot Jiantang, head large flat, slightly elongated body, thick, cylindrical section at the front, the back slightly flat. Upper mouth, upper and lower molars, multiple lines, small teeth. Eyes are small and high. Body is scaled. Pelvic fins separated, dorsal fins VII, 8-9, divided into two before and after, pectoral fins, anal fins I, 7-9, caudal fins. Juvenile larvae are yellow-brown in color and easily change with the living environment. The color of fish in the pond is dark brown, and there are natural orange individuals in Australia. The line-shaped tip ponds and cypresses inhabit the dark areas where the bottom of the pool is concealed. In natural environments such as lakes and rivers, they like to roost on the embankments and have water grass or mud caves, rocky reefs, etc., and have strong adaptability to low-oxygen environments. Tropical warm water fish, living temperature 9 °C - 36 °C, feeding water temperature 18 °C - -32 °C, 9 °C easy to freeze to death. The fish likes to be active at night and is docile. It doesn't like to swim anywhere. It often rests on the inhabitants or the bottom of the pond. It only feeds at close range and is a carnivorous fish. The growth of juvenile juveniles was slightly slower, and growth accelerated when grown into individuals with 50--100 g body weight. In the first anniversary of the factory-style circulating tank farming in Australia, the yield is 100--200kg/m2, and the weight is 500--600g. The line pattern Jiantang is mature for 2 years and produces viscous eggs. It can lay eggs several times a year and has strong fertility. However, the survival rate of juvenile fish is low. Under the conditions of pond rearing, the line-shaped tip ponds live in the middle and lower layers, adapting to pure fresh water.
Second, artificial breeding
1. Breeding of broodstocks Although the lineage tipping matures during the first year of winter, it is best to select broodstock above 2 years of age for prenatal breeding. The artificial reproduction of the line-shaped tip pond larvae requires a broodstock with well-developed gonads. Therefore, culturing broodstock is the key to successful reproduction. Early broodstock cultivation is generally conducted in the wintering pool. The wintering pond area is generally 500--1000m2, stocking density is 2 tails/m2. When the water temperature is higher than 18°C, some high quality chilled fish may be fed, and appropriate amounts of vitamins and minerals may be added to enhance the physique of the broodstock and promote gonad development. When the water temperature is stable above 18°C, the broodstock is transferred out of the wintering pond and stocked to a pond with an area of ​​1000-1500m2 and a water depth of about 1.5m. The ratio of male to female is 2:1, and the stocking density is 1.5 fishes/m2. The pond is filled with water once every two days to stimulate the development of gonads. At the same time, the chilled fish and mixed squid compound feeds are continued to be fed for post-cultivation.
2. The production line of artificial fish nests There are habits of laying nests laying eggs in Jiantangtang, artificial breeding requires the production of artificial fish nests. The following two types of fish nests are used in production. The first is that the pond naturally spawns fish nests, and a 60cm×40cm dense-textured, corrosion-resistant wood board is used. The surface is covered with 120 mesh fishnets and cross-shaped in groups of three. Stand upright at the depth of 80—1OOcm at the edge of the pond, shading at the top; second, the artificial pool of fishponds in the concrete pool is used, and a 6-8 inch PVC white plastic tube with a length of about 40cm is laid flat on the bottom of the pond, and two are placed per m2.
3, the choice of broodstock and male and female identification should be selected physically robust, disease-free without injury, weight at least 200g, preferably more than 500g individuals as broodstock. Mature females have abundance of abdomen with clear outline of the ovaries; external genitalia is slightly swollen, pale red, with a wide base, and the appearance is fan-shaped; excretory vents are larger, located at the secondary end of the genital process, slightly elevated on both sides, no melanin point. Mature males have deeper body color, marked markings, and abdomen is not full; external genital processes are much smaller than females, showing a white triangle; excretory holes open at the very end, with a few melanin spots around the hole; light pressure on the abdomen Milky columnar semen flowed out.
4. When the natural spawning pond has a water temperature above 22°C, female and male fish can naturally pair in the pond and chase each other. First, the male selects a good nest, then lures the female to spawn in the nest, spawning more eggs. Before night or early morning. After the spawning, the males are kept alone in the fish nest and swing their tails from time to time until the larva hatches and develops to juveniles. In the production operation, artificial fish nests are placed in the morning, and when the male guards the fish nest on the morning of the following day, it is indicated that eggs have been laid and mesh sheets can be collected. The fish eggs are evenly attached to the surface of the fish nest and are arranged in an oval-shaped piece of eggs with a density of about 80 grains/cm2 and a number of 20,000 to 30,000 grains. Fertilized egg pale yellow, with a diameter of 0.8mm, 2mm long rugby. The natural fertilization rate is about 95%.
5, artificial labor
(1) Preparation of spawning pool The area of ​​the spawning pond is about 20m2, the water depth is 80---100cm, and the shaded mesh cloth is set on the top of the pool, and the shading rate is about 70%. A pair of broodstock is provided with a fish nest, 2 fish nests are placed per m2, and the spawning pond is soaked with 10g/m3 potassium permanganate for a day and night.
(2) Artificial oxytocin weight 250--300g females were injected with 1 pellet of carp pituitary +HCG 300IU per tail; 500-750g of female fish were injected with 1 pellet of carp pituitary +HCG700--800IU per tail; male fish dose was female 1/2, take a one-time injection. After the injection, the broodstock was inserted into the spawning pool at a ratio of 1:1. After the broodstock enters the pool, it will choose its own nest and match. When the water temperature is 25°C, the effect time is about 40 hours. The resulting eggs are attached to the walls of the nest.
6, artificial hatching
(1) Incubation equipment adopts a hatching tank with a width of 1m and a water depth of 80cm. The top of the tank should be covered to avoid direct sunlight and keep the water temperature stable. Aeration and microfluidic devices are provided.
(2) Incubation Management After the fish nest with fertilized eggs is transferred to the hatchery, it must be filled with oxygen and maintained in a microfluidic state to maintain high dissolved oxygen. When water temperature is between 25°C and -30°C, the larvae hatch from 500 to 600 hours. The larvae just emerging from the membrane have a total length of about 2.5mm. There is a large yolk sac on the abdomen. The yolk sac is basically absorbed after 2 days. Length 3.1mm, began to swim horizontally and foraging, and can be transferred to a breeding pond for cultivation. The hatching rate is about 90%.
Third, the cultivation of fish fingerlings Fish cultivation pond area 500 - 1500m2, juvenile fish 150 --- 200 / m2. Ten days before the seedlings are released, clear ponds and water training must be done. The juvenile's opening diameter is only 200---300&m. Whether there is a sufficient amount of open bio-feed rotifers behind the pond is a key factor in determining the survival rate. Sprinkle the soybean milk twice a day. After 15 days, juvenile fish are as long as 1 cm, and the survival rate is generally 15%-20%.
After juveniles reach 1cm in length, their feeding habits become mainly feeding on cladocera and copepods. At this time, topdressing is required. Some of the more dilute fish gills and soymilk are splashed around the pond. One is to continue to cultivate plankton and the other is to make Juveniles begin to develop feeding responses. After 25 days, juvenile fish are as long as 2.5-3 cm, and the survival rate at this stage can be as high as 90%. After juvenile fish 2.5--3cm in size should be transferred to the size of the juvenile juvenile larva rearing pool, breeding pool area 1200 --- 2000m2, stocking 15-20 per m2. Juvenile larvae are basically around the pond. According to the characteristics of this activity, a bamboo bead can be placed on every 50---60m of ice surface, and fish should be fed in the bamboo pocket every morning and evening. In this way, juvenile juveniles can find the habitat while at the same time can easily find the bait. When juveniles reach 10cm in length, they are transferred to adult fish ponds according to size and size. When the water temperature dropped to about 18°C, it moved to the greenhouse for winter.
Fourth, the adult fish pond culture line Jiantangtang aquaculture pond area to 1500 --- 3500m2 is appropriate, with micro-flowing water, water depth of more than 1.5m, irrigation and drainage. Before stocking, it is necessary to drain the pool water, trim the pond base, disinfect with quicklime, and use 100--150g/m2 of water. Other clearing agents may also be used according to local conditions. In late March, when the temperature of the water rises to 20°C, a large-size juvenile (10 cm or more) juvenile fish is bred with a 3- to 5-tail length per m. Put the bamboo pockets around the pond as food platforms and put chilled fish paste or fish paste into the table. Every morning and evening, one meal a day, 1/3 in the morning and 2/3 in the evening. Above 25°C, the daily feeding amount is 5%-7% of the fish's body weight. Pay attention to water quality management during the breeding period, regularly inject new water, preferably keep the micro-flowing water to ensure that the water quality is fresh, regularly splash lime and photosynthetic bacteria, etc. Biological agents control the water color and maintain the ecological balance of the pool. After 6- to 7-month-growing period, 300-500g commercial fish can be cultivated.
5. Disease prevention and treatment The linehead Jiantang is a tropical fish. When the water temperature is above 22°C, the disease resistance is strong and it is tolerant to hypoxia. Few diseases occur in the origin. During the winter, when the water temperature is lower than 18°C, no feeding is done, and the resistance to the disease is significantly reduced, and it is susceptible to parasites and bacterial diseases. If warming culture is conducted during the winter, maintaining the water temperature above 20°C can effectively reduce the occurrence of diseases. It is the key to the success of adult fish breeding that the wintering of the line-patterned tip pond fish is good or bad. There are two main types of diseases observed in culture:
1. Symptoms of skin ulcers: Plaque-like hyperemia on the body surface, gradually scaling off, skin ulceration, severe erosion to muscles or bones, ulceration site is red. No special parts of the lesion can occur anywhere in the body. During the winter, it is common in the head and tail, and in severe cases throughout the body. Diseased fish is slow, outliers and blackened. Fish species and broodstock can suffer from this disease during wintering and breeding, and the incidence of disease pool infection during wintering can be as high as 50% or more. The pathogens of the disease are Vibrio, Aeromonas and so on. Preventive measures: fish ponds should be thoroughly disinfected before stocking; stocking densities should be appropriate; bleach powder should be poured once a month to make the pool water 1g/m3; wintering pool is best able to heat, keep the water temperature above 20°C; Remove residual baits and dirt, often changing water, to maintain good water quality. Treatment: Quanchiposa quaternary ammonium salt, iodophor, etc., oral administration of certain antibiotics in the country.
2. Symptoms of watery mildew: grayish-white cotton-like hyphae are visible to the naked eye. The disease is a secondary infection of wounds, which often occurs during the breeding period, the wintering period of fingerlings and broodstock. Control methods: during the cultivation of the seedlings, be careful to avoid damage and trauma to the fish body; warm the wintering period of the fingerlings and broodstock, and maintain the water temperature above 20°C; spill the methylene blue on the ponds that have already developed, and make the pool water become Concentration of 0.2g/m3, spilled again every 2 days.

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