Peanuts are an important economic crop in China. Peanuts are rich in fats and proteins and are both edible and feedable. They are both important industrial raw materials and bulk commodities for export. It is widely used and has a high status in the national economy. At present, the average output of peanuts in our country is around 3000kg/km2, and its potential for yield increase is large. To master its scientific and rational fertilization will be an important way to increase production. Scientific fertilization according to the characteristics of peanuts need fertilizer can fully meet the demand of nutrients for peanuts, maximize the effect of fertilizer, and increase the output and quality of peanuts. First, peanuts need fertilizer characteristics: 1, nitrogen nutrition: nitrogen is mainly involved in the synthesis of complex proteins, chlorophyll, phospholipids and other nitrogen-containing substances, to promote the branch more leafy, more flowering, more results, and full pods. If nitrogen is lacking, the leaf color of the peanut is yellowish or white, the stem color is red, the root nodule is reduced, the plant growth is poor, and the yield is reduced. However, if there is too much nitrogen, there will be an absurd phenomenon, which will also reduce the yield and quality of peanuts. 2. Phosphorus nutrition: Phosphorus is mainly involved in the synthesis of fats and proteins, promotes seed germination, promotes the growth and development of roots and root nodules, and at the same time enhances the tolerance of low temperature and drought resistance of peanut seedlings, and promotes fullness of flowering, fertilization, and pods. Phosphorus depletion can cause imbalance in nitrogen metabolism, plant growth is slow, roots, nodules are poorly developed, the leaves are reddish-brown, late-maturing and not full, low rice output. 3. Potassium nutrition: Potassium participates in the physiological metabolism of various organisms, increases the intensity of photosynthesis, accelerates the operation of photosynthetic products to various devices, and can restrain the growth of leaves and leaves, prolong the life span of leaves, and enhance the resistance to disease and drought of plants. It also promotes the symbiosis between peanuts and nodules. The lack of potassium will cause the internal metabolism of peanuts to be dysfunctional, showing a dark green, dry edges, impeding the development of photosynthesis and affecting the accumulation and operation of organic matter. 4, calcium nutrition: calcium can promote the development of peanut roots and root nodules, promote the formation and fullness of pods, reduce empty shells, increase the fruit rate. At the same time, calcium can regulate soil acidity, improve the nutrient environment of peanuts, and promote soil microbial activity. Calcium deficiency results in slow plant growth, high empty shell ratio, and low yield. In addition, although peanuts do not require a large amount of trace elements, it is also important. Molybdenum contributes to the synthesis of protein, and acts as a catalyst in the nitrogen fixation process of Rhizobium. It is an indispensable element in the development of Rhizobium, and in the absence of molybdenum, Rhizobium loses its nitrogen fixation ability. Iron can participate in redox reactions in crops. And involved in the synthesis of chloroplast proteins, peanut iron deficiency chlorophyll can not be formed, the new leaves become white, stem and leaf growth are inhibited. Manganese has an effect on oxidation, which promotes robustness of stems and leaves and increases the cold resistance of plants. Boron promotes the uptake of calcium and plays an important role in the delivery system and fertilization results. Boron deficiency can lead to loss of transduction, and assimilation, root development, and nodule formation can also be affected. Sulfur is also one of the elements involved in protein synthesis. Sulfur deficiency results in darker leaves and even whitening, which affects protein synthesis. Second, peanut fertilization technology According to peanuts need fertilizer characteristics. Rational selection of various fertilizers combined with the application can increase peanut production and improve quality. Peanut fertilization should be dominated by organic fertilizers, supplemented by inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer has full nutrients, which can increase soil aggregate structure, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and is beneficial to rhizobia activity and increase nitrogen sources. The combination of organic and chemical fertilizers can reduce the loss and fixation of inorganic fertilizers. In the fertilization period, basal fertilizer should be the main fertilizer, and fertilizer should be applied appropriately. In the case of applying basal fertilizer, the available fertilizer should be applied in a timely manner and in appropriate amounts according to the growth of peanuts. 1, Shizujifei: base fertilizer including base fertilizer and seed fertilizer. The fertilizer applied in combination with the cultivated land before sowing is called base fertilizer, and the fertilizer used for seeding the ditch or open hole is concentrated fertilizer. Base fertilizer and seed fertilizer are the basis for strong seedlings, prosperous flowers, fruit and fruit. Peanut base fertilizer accounted for more than 80% of the total fertilizer, should be mainly organic fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and other fertilizers. The specific spelling varies with the type and amount of fertilization. Generally, it should be combined with decentralization and concentration. Most of the pre-sowing soil preparation is used as base fertilizer application. Keep a small part of the combined sowing planting or acupuncture points. In order to increase phosphate fertilizer efficiency, phosphate fertilizers and organic fertilizers can be stacked for 15-20 days before fertilization. When peanuts are sown, seed dressing with rhizobia can increase effective rhizobia. In addition, with 0.2-0.3% ammonium molybdate or 0.01-0.1% boric acid aqueous solution seed dressing or soaking, peanuts can be supplemented with trace elements. 2, timely fertilizer: according to the growth of peanuts should be timely fertilizer, seed dressing fertilizer should be carried out before the beginning of flowering, generally topdressing urea 80-100kg/km2, superphosphate 150-200kg/km2, ditching facilities . After flowering, gypsum powder 300-400kg/km 2 can be applied, and superphosphate 150-200kg/km 2 , which increases the phosphorus-calcium nutrition in the result period. In the case where the peanuts become full in the fruit-filling stage and they cannot be top-dressed, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2% urea can be sprayed 1-2 times on the foliage to protect the roots and leaves. Improve the fruitfulness rate and the full fruit rate.
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