Organic chemical intermediate is an important part of chemical production. It is not only the basic raw material but also the fine chemical raw material. It has a very far-reaching impact on chemical production and development. Organic chemical intermediates play an important role in promoting the development of fine chemical industry, making chemical intermediates to develop in the direction of low price and good quality, thus promoting the variety, quality and technology of chemical intermediates.
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The biological characteristics of Schisandra
Morphological characteristics: Schisandra stem 6 - 15 meters long, reddish-brown, hairless, slightly ribbed, leaves alternate, membranous, broadly elliptic, margin sparsely finely toothed, leaf surface shiny, abaxially pale green, petiole, Veins often reddish, flowers unisexual, milky or pink, aromatic rich, flowering period of 5 - 6 months, berry spherical, dark red ripening, aggregated into a spike-like droop, 9 - October fruit ripening.
Ecological habits: hi warm climate, cold-resistant seedlings sown in the year can be -21 °C cold, shade-tolerant, seedlings can not be strong light, resistant to thin, hi wet good sand loam. Schisandra has a beautiful tree shape, with string of red fruits and sweet and sour flesh. The seeds are bitter and spicy with a slightly salty taste, hence the name Schisandra.
Seed propagation
Nursery selection: Schisandra has strong adaptability, and the soil requirements are not very strict. All mountainous regions, plains, hills, flat lands, slopes, and barren hills can be cultivated. According to the general method of planting herbs and grain and vegetable preparation, there is no special requirement.
Seed soaking: Schisandra seed coat is hard, smooth and oily, water permeability is weak, and it is not easy to emerge. Therefore, the fruit is soaked with water for 3 to 4 days and nights, and the debris is dried and mixed with moist fine river sand. Storage, germination, but the humidity of the river sand can not be too large, to hold into a group, release it is appropriate. Choose lee, dry place, prevent water accumulation. Always check to prevent over-drying or mildew. The seeds can be sown in mid-to late March.
Sowing: The use of drills, the pitch of 15 cm, 2 - 2.5 cm after sowing cover, about 5 kg sowing per mu, after sowing 15 - 20 days to emerge. When 30% of the seedlings are unearthed, cover the grass and set up a simple shade shed in time, and top-dressing, watering, and weeding.
Cutting seedlings
Cutting materials: Semi-lignified shoots collected before 10am, 15–20 cm in length and 0.4–0.5 cm in thickness. Keep the middle and upper part of the blade, cut off the lower 3 - 5 cm blade. The lower cut fell on the semi-lignified section and showed a large oblique cut.
Cutting treatment: soak in 1% carbendazim solution for 1-2 minutes, shake off the water droplets and then immerse the base for 20-30 seconds with 1000ppm NAA or 100ppm rooting powder solution (or ABT1 rooting powder).
Slotting machine and substrate: The slotting machine should be built in a greenhouse or greenhouse with good moisture retention and heat dissipation performance. First, dig a 1.5- to 2-meter-wide, 6-meter-long, and 0.5-meter-thick geothermal pool, surrounded by bricks to form a semi-subterranean plug-in bed, and then build a shed and shade shed above the pool. The matrix is ​​1:1 clean sand and slag ash that has passed through the screen. Bed surface disinfection with 0.1% carbendazim and 0.2% phoxim bactericidal, disinfestation; substrate with 2% potassium permanganate solution rain sterilized, stacked 2 hours and then rinse with water again, then press 15 - The thickness of 20 cm is spread evenly on the insertion bed.
Cutting method and post-insertion management: Use a 2.5 cm diameter wood stick, press 8 cm x 3 to 4 cm strain, and apply a 3 to 4 cm deep hole in the row, then insert the scion and compact it. Do not attach leaves to each other. Cutting time is best from late May to early August. The subsequent spraying of water requires that the humidity in the shed be maintained at 90% or more, the light transmittance should be about 20%, and the temperature should be controlled between 19°C and 30°C. Every day according to the humidity, spray 3 - 4 times. Spray formation does not require runoff. 15 days after the injection of disinfectant, rooting powder, booster fluid once, after every 8 - 10 days spray once. Rooting is good or bad mainly in temperature control, growth is good or bad mainly sprayed auxin plant growth regulators.
Transplanting seedlings and planting: If the seedlings are properly managed after cutting, 30 to 40 days can be rooted at 5 to 10, then control the seedlings with water, carefully dig them out, and plant them in open field seedlings at a spacing of 25 x 12 cm. Continue to grow seedlings. Rooted seedlings that have been moved to the open ground also require fine management. In line with the principle of promoting and controlling afterwards, a robust seedling with a well-developed underground root system and a high degree of lignification on the ground is bred.
Planting technology
Planting seedlings with large seedlings is good, requiring strong seedlings 1 meter high, 0.7-1 centimeters thick, early autumn and winter can be planted, the planting density often depends on the stent, the general does not scaffolding planting should be dense, plant spacing 0. 4 - 0.7 meters, manual scaffolding density of 2x3 meters.
Preparation before planting: In the late autumn, dig deep for 50-70 centimeters and 80-100 centimeters wide for the planting ditch. Add 4,000 to 5,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer. The planting belt will be about 10 centimeters above the ground surface and the frame will be planted once. The height of 2 meters, set up three lines, spacing 60 cm.
Seedlings planted: soaked in water for 12 to 24 hours before planting, the roots were cut to a length of 15 to 20 centimeters, digged to 30 to 40 centimeters in diameter, and planted to a depth of 30 centimeters. The seedlings were placed inside the caves, while the sides were filled with soil. Stepping on solids, then watering, filling with water after filling.
Schisandra: Breeding and colonization
Schisandra, divided into the north and south Schisandra. Southern Schisandra is an evergreen woody climbing plant that grows south of the Yangtze River. It is one of the main vertical greening trees and cannot be overwintered in areas north of the Yangtze River. Schisandra chinensis, commonly known as schisandra chinensis, also known as Liaowuwei, Shanzha, etc., belongs to the schisandra family and is a versatile, multi-purpose medicinal and food-use economic plant distributed in northeast China, North China, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Sichuan, etc. province. In recent years, due to the large number of raw materials imported from China, Korea, the United States, and other countries, the domestic market price of schisandra has been rising, and the supply of products is in short supply. According to the information provided by China National Herbal Medicine Corporation, Schisandra per kilogram has risen from about 20 yuan three years ago to 40-60 yuan, up to 70 yuan. Schisandra has been listed by the National Forestry Department as one of the main tree species for returning farmland to forests.