Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the most commonly used fertilizers in agricultural production and are necessary nutrients for plant growth and development. They are also called "three elements of fertilizers." Due to improper fertilization methods in agricultural production, it often results in loss of fertilizer. 1. Nitrogen fertilizers commonly used in nitrogen fertilizer production include ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia, liquid ammonia, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, and urea. Studies have shown that nitrogen fertilizers taken in the field crops do not exceed 40% to 50% of the amount of fertilizer used. If the application method is improper, fertilizer utilization will also be reduced from 40% to 50% to 20% to 30%. In order to reduce the loss of nitrogen nutrients and improve its utilization, the following measures can be taken: (1) Deep application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer deep in the soil depth of 8 to 15 cm, and covered with soil, can increase the adsorption of ammonium ion on the soil, reduce nitrogen nutrient volatilization, improve its utilization. According to a field trial conducted by the orchard farm of the Guizhou Forestry School, deeper application than the ground can generally increase the fertilizer efficiency by 10% to 25%. (2) Due to soil application. Soil texture and organic matter content have an effect on nitrogen fertilizer application. It is generally believed that the organic matter in the sandy soil is rapidly mineralized and has poor fertility, and should be applied in small quantities; while the organic matter in the clay soil is mineralized slowly, the applied nitrogen fertilizer is easily adsorbed by soil colloids and fixed by microorganisms. Strong performance, can be large and small secondary application; and loam soil fertilization and fertilizer performance is excellent, according to the growth needs of plants at any time fertilization. (3) due to plant fertilization. Different plants have different requirements and types of nitrogen fertilizers. Leaf harvested plants such as leafy vegetables, tea trees, mulberry trees, etc., are mainly suitable for ammonium nitrogen; bark fiber plants are more suitable for ammonium chloride, such as hemp, Eucommia ulmoides, yellow peony, etc.; flowers, fruit trees are often nitrate Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is suitable. Nitrogen requirements are also different at different stages of the same plant species. In spring and summer, the amount of nitrogen needed is more than 52%, and the fruit enlargement period requires a decrease in quantity. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied early in time, but no nitrogen fertilizer should be applied during fruit ripening to prevent late-maturing lust. (4) Apply with other fertilizers. The soil in our country is generally deficient in nitrogen, but if there is a lack of phosphorus, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is also very low. Therefore, nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium and trace element fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer application effect will be better. (5) Adding synergist to nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer synergist is an organic chemical substance. When mixed with nitrogen fertilizer, it can inhibit the nitrification of soil and reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer due to denitrification. At present, China's trial production and trial synergists include 2-chloro-6 (trichloromethyl), pyridine (CP), thiourea (SU), and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (AM). 2. Phosphorus Phosphorus has a significant relationship with cell division and the synthesis, transformation, transport, and respiration of organic matter. Applying phosphate fertilizer can increase plant resistance and inhibit plant growth. In rural areas, the loss of phosphate fertilizers due to improper application of phosphate fertilizer is particularly serious. According to the survey, in the rural areas in the southern part of the country, phosphorus fertilizers are often applied or applied directly to the soil as a base fertilizer. Since most of the southerly soil is acidic, it has a strong fixation effect on phosphorus, and once phosphorus is fixed, it is lost. Fertility, which greatly reduces the fertilizer efficiency of phosphate fertilizer. In order to increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, the following measures can be taken when applying: (1) Different types of phosphate fertilizers are applied according to soil conditions, and different phosphate fertilizers are suitable for different soils. Superphosphate is a water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, suitable for most soils, but it has better effects in neutral and alkaline soils; weak acid-soluble phosphate fertilizers such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and alkaline slag should be applied to neutral or acidic soils; phosphorus Insoluble phosphate fertilizers such as mineral powder and bone powder can be used to exert their fertilizer efficiency when applied on acidic soils. The lower the available phosphorus in the soil, the higher the fertilizer efficiency of applying phosphate fertilizer. Therefore, the application of phosphate fertilizer in the thin phosphorus-deficient soil is more effective. (2) The combination of phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphorous-deficient soils generally also lack nitrogen, but if the proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus is good, the utilization rate of phosphorus can be increased from 13.8% to 30%, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus is preferably 2:1. (3) Centralized, near-rooted, and hierarchical applications. Phosphate fertilizers are less mobile in calcareous and acidic soils and are prone to chemical fixation. Therefore, the use of planting, acupuncture, rooting, seed dressing, foliar spraying, basal deep application, etc., can reduce the contact area between phosphate fertilizer and soil, and strive to apply near the roots, in order to better improve the utilization of phosphate fertilizer. (4) Mixed application with organic fertilizer. Insoluble phosphate fertilizers (such as phosphate rock) are best mixed with green manure, compost, and peat together before application. The carbon dioxide and organic acids produced during the decomposition of organic fertilizers contribute to the conversion of non-water-soluble phosphorus compounds into available phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizers. It also prevents water-soluble phosphorus from being fixed by calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum ions in the soil. This can improve the fertilizer efficiency of insoluble phosphate fertilizers. The phosphorus fertilizer added to the stack is generally 5% to 10% of organic fertilizer. 3. The application of potash fertilizer in the inorganic potassium fertilizer agricultural production can improve plant lodging resistance, drought resistance and disease resistance. Potassium fertilizer alone is generally ineffective, and only with the application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers have effect. According to the Guizhou Forestry School orchard field test, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 2:1:0.5 is ideal. During the application process, potassium chloride should be used with caution in some chlorine-tolerant plants and seedlings such as tobacco, spruce, tea trees, and fruit trees. Organic Healthy Scented Tea,Organic Snack Food,Chrysanthemum Tea,Health Food SINOCHEM PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD , http://www.sinochemnutrition.com