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First, the construction technology of household biogas digesters The biogas digesters currently promoted and built are mostly bottom-feed biogas digesters, whose main structures include fermentation chambers, gas storage tanks, feed tubes, movable covers, air guide tubes, and bottom material discharge ports. The technical point is that the bottom outlet should not be too large, generally 0.4 to 0.45 meters wide, 0.5 meters high, and no more than 0.55 meters high.
The following points should be taken into account when constructing the operating rules and the construction process. For example, the construction of a 8 m3 digester is as follows: 1. The first choice is to be in the leeward sunny place, which is convenient for the three combinations (pig, toilets, and biogas tanks in appropriate locations). 2. Digging pits: Excavation diameters and depths must be carried out according to standard requirements. Excavate a pit with a diameter of 2.84 meters and a depth of 2.2 meters. 3. The construction of the bottom of the pool and the body of the pool: the base thickness is 0.26 meters, including the bottom layer of brick lime layer 0.2 meters, concrete layer 0.06 meters. The height of the pool is generally 1.1 meters. The vault height is 0.66 meters. The upper edge of the movable cover is 0.57 meters in diameter and 0.52 meters in diameter along the lower edge. 4. Install the feed tube. The general feed pipe is 1 meter long, 0.3 meters in diameter, 0.5 meters in the pool body, and 0.5 meters outside the pool, maintaining a certain degree of inclination. 5. The construction of the sealing layer and bottom outlet shall strictly implement the biogas technical regulations and standards.
Biogas digester material preparation: According to the calculation of a large methane tank of 8 cubic meters, generally 1200 bricks, 13 bags of cement (650 kg), 300 kg of building sand, 2 cubic meters of small fine sand, 1 cubic meter of large brick slag, small brick Slag or gravel 1 cubic meter and so on.
The size of the biogas digesters is planned based on the number of users and the amount of gas used. The materials used to build the pool will increase the pool's raw materials as the pool type increases, and it must be calculated and designed carefully before the construction of the pool can be completed.
Second, the management of biogas digesters is a "three-point construction pool, seven-point management", according to the current situation of low utilization rate of rural household biogas digesters, specifically proposed some rural household biogas digester management issues.
1. Change the single feed, increase the fermentation material, and increase the utilization efficiency of the biogas tank.
Currently. Most users of household biogas digesters use pig manure or cow dung as the main fermentation materials, and the materials used are single, and the household biogas digesters are insufficient. According to the relevant information, the original organisms of plants that have not been used on the animals' belly are often better than pigs and cows' feces. Gas production rate is high. Therefore, for household biogas digesters with insufficient feed or single feed, crop stalks such as watermelon vines, rind rind, bean stalks, wheat stalks, etc. should be used as supplementary feed for biogas digesters. Since it is crop straw, in order to prevent the methane tank from being clogged, it is better to perform artificial shortening before use.
2. Stir properly to promote the mixing of old and new fermentation materials and speed up the fermentation process.
Biogas tank mixing is a problem that most users neglect. The biogas digester is not stirred for a long time, and the fermented material is accumulated in the feed tube due to the accumulation of gas and old slag in the tank, and is fermented in the feed tube. The produced biogas is dissipated as the wall of the feed tube rises. The old slag liquid inside is also not discharged in a round-robin manner, resulting in the opening and shutting of the fermented material in and out of the circulation and metabolic disorders. The proper mixing of biogas digesters will help accelerate the fermentation process of the digester digesters, facilitate the proper slag removal of the old slag, open the digesters, and increase the utilization efficiency of the digesters.
3. Regular slag discharge, so that the digester fermentation material can be timely and vomited, improve the utilization of biogas digesters.
Some users did not perform slag treatment on biogas digesters in one or two years, resulting in the accumulation of old slag, serious crusting and sedimentation, and a gradual reduction in gas production. As a result, it was concluded that “new pools are good, and old pools are not easy to useâ€. . This is not the case. The main reason is the poor metabolism. The regular slag discharge from the biogas digesters can keep the biogas digesters in a state of vigorous fermentation. Biogas digesters have normal metabolism and relatively high biogas production.
The so-called regular is 10 days or 20 days slag once. The slagging referred to here does not mean all cleanup, but a small amount of sediment. Most domestic biogas digesters are now equipped with slag discharge pipes. As long as the biogas slurry is extracted from the separated pool of slag discharge management and the water level of the separation pool is lowered, the thick slag is discharged from the slag discharge pipe by means of the water level pressure in the hydraulic pressure tank. The frequent discharge of methane residue can not only ensure the smooth flow of slag discharge management, but also allow the biogas digester to maintain normal metabolism, and at the same time facilitate the use of biogas residue liquid in the planting industry.
Construction technology and management of rural household biogas digesters
In the process of construction and management of biogas digesters, we must strictly implement the biogas technical regulations and standards, adhere to the goal of “building a house, building a house, and benefiting a family†to ensure the biogas pool is airtight, watertight, and safe to use. Strengthen the management of biogas tanks and increase their utilization.