a small flower with antibacterial weapon July 06, 2018 Source: Chinese Journal of Science Structure and antibacterial and antifungal activity of alkaloids in the pitcher In order to fight bacteria, fungi and viruses, smart human inventions have created antibiotics, antifungals and antiviral drugs. However, the consequent resistance has brought a lot of trouble, and even caused people to panic about the "super bacteria" that may appear in the future. As a result, several generations of scientists have been involved in the search for new antibacterial and antifungal substances to prevent the antibacterial drugs from losing control of pathogenic substances such as bacteria and fungi. Recently, good news came from the Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. After years of research, the researcher Luo Xiaodong and others discovered that "hidden" has antibacterial and antifungal alkaloids in the dog tooth flower, and it is antibacterial and antibiotic with the collaborators. A series of new advances have been made in the study of the novel structure and preliminary activity of the fungal monoterpenoid alkaloids, and the results were published in the Organic Chemistry Newsletter. The Luo Xiaodong team hopes to find antibacterial and antifungal natural small molecules from plants, and more and more new chemical structures will eventually become new members of the clinical fight against microorganisms. a new alkaloid The dog tooth flower is widely cultivated in the south and belongs to the oleander family. Its leaves are medicinal and can be processed to treat diseases such as sore throat and swelling. After repeated extraction and verification, the research team's doctoral student Yu Haofei and others found two pitcher-like indole alkaloids. “Because the monoterpenoid alkaloids found in Chinese medicinal herbs are similar in structure to the common pitcher plants, we call them the nepenthes alkaloids, which reflects the chemical structure. "The beauty of the beauty." Luo Xiaodong explained in an interview with the reporter of the Chinese Journal of Science and Technology, "The two compounds are extracted and isolated from the natural world for the first time as a novel monoterpene alkaloid skeleton structure." In the experiment, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the nepenthes alkaloids against Bacillus subtilis was almost equivalent to the antibiotic cefotaxime. Cefotaxime is a third-generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that has been widely used in clinical practice. Moreover, the effect of type B alkaloids in the herbaceous alkaloids on Trichophyton rubrum is comparable to the antifungal drug griseofulvin. Griseofulvin is a non-polyene antifungal antibiotic that strongly inhibits mitosis of fungal cells and prevents fungal cell division. The team's doctoral student Ding Caifeng also obtained indole alkaloids from African rosettes. Its structural unit contains multiple heterocyclic systems, and its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium is superior to that of plant antibacterial agent Huanglian. Vegetarian and yellow vine. In addition, another Ph.D. student, Wei Xin, discovered a new skeleton indole alkaloids from the plant hooks of the name "C. sinensis", which is a hybrid of the C9 structural unit. These compounds are only It shows weak antibacterial activity, and the research results are published in the international academic journal Tetrahedron Newsletter. "The hook kiss itself is a very toxic plant. We use this clue to study the ingredients." Luo Xiaodong said, "But the research process is limited to the laboratory, and the research results can not be used as a therapeutic reference, especially to remind the public. Don't take a fragment of the research results because of the emergence of a new research, and then listen to partial beliefs. Especially for toxic Chinese herbal medicines, be more cautious." Derivative of natural extract Nepenthes alkaloids were first discovered, but the extraction of antibacterial compounds from nature is the main method of antibiotic development to date. "The vast majority of antibiotics are extracted from microorganisms. In the case of high levels of active substances, they can be directly extracted. If the amount of the compound is not high, and further research is needed, then it is necessary to extract and determine the active ingredients. Structural formula, and then followed up by pharmaceutical chemists for artificial synthesis." Luo Xiaodong explained. For example, the main ingredient of aspirin comes from the willow bark. In ancient times, when science and technology were still underdeveloped, doctors chose to use willow bark to treat certain diseases. Similarly, the well-known penicillin is now from melon. Its discoverer, the famous British microbiologist Alexander Fleming, inadvertently noticed a green-green mold, penicillin, in a S. aureus culture dish that was accidentally contacted with air, but unfortunately, He has not been able to find a way to extract high-purity penicillin. He then cultivated the Penicillium strains from generation to generation, and in 1939 provided the strains to the Australian pathologist Flory and biochemist Qian En who were preparing to study penicillin. Through a series of experiments, Flory and Qiann finally extracted penicillin crystals by freeze-drying. After that, Flory found a mold for extracting penicillin on a melon, and prepared the corresponding culture solution with corn flour. Although the vast majority of antibiotics come from nature, this does not mean that plants containing antibacterial and antifungal ingredients can be used at will in the course of disease treatment. “In fact, our research is only in the primary stage, or even the beginning of the primary stage. After the discovery of the new pharmacodynamic alkaloids, there are still more than a decade or even decades of research away from the real clinical application. It is hoped that such new discoveries will bring more inspiration to drug chemists, and also hope that truly effective safety drugs will be available," Luo Xiaodong said. Effective molecular structure is not equal to curative effect Discovering a new active alkaloid is not a simple matter. Luo Xiaodong recalled that one of the main difficulties they encountered was in the determination of the structure of the compound, especially in the determination of the chiral structure. "We once tried to obtain the single crystal of the compound, but failed repeatedly, and later relied on computational quantum mechanics. The method of calculating the possible conformations one by one, doing a lot of calculation work, and finally getting the exact structure of the article report, this process lasted for more than two years." Another difficulty is that the yield of the compound is very low and only the primary in vitro activity evaluation can be performed. "The antibacterial activity of the nepenthes alkaloids we have measured is only a preliminary in vitro activity screening evaluation stage. It is still far away from the real antibacterial application, so it is not comparable with traditional antibiotics because the research also It’s just an early stage of discovery.†Luo Xiaodong said that, more importantly, the effective molecular structure does not mean that these plants can be used at random. "In the future, we will also adhere to the research on the novel structure, efficacy and new drug creation of alkaloids in medicinal plants." (Reporter Yuan Yixue) Chinese Journal of Science and Technology (2018-07-06 3rd edition popular science) Adult diapers are disposable urinary incontinence products, one of the adult care products, and a disposable diaper mainly suitable for incontinent adults. Adult Pampers,Adult Diaper Liners,Adult Diaper Pants,Adult Diaper Price Shandong Kangshun Daily Products Co., Ltd , https://www.centurybenifit.com
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