What is the cracking of apple cracks? How to prevent cracking

Water management conditional orchard, as far as possible in the winter or early spring irrigation, and pay attention to the fruit expansion period of irrigation, maintain a stable soil water content, so that the fruit grows in a balanced manner. Where the water source conditions are poor, orchard grass and water-saving irrigation techniques should be implemented. Such as grass drip irrigation, grass micro-spraying, spraying a new high-fat film on the leaf surface to form a layer of physical polymer film to reduce water evaporation and disease-fighting bacteria infection.

Soil management emphasizes the application of organic fertilizer in orchard and balanced fertilization. During the flower bud period, the boron fertilizer is sprayed once, and the bagging film and the foliar fertilizer are sprayed before the bagging period to improve the fertilizer efficiency, and the physical polymer film can also provide a healthy environment before the fruit bagging.

The incidence of comprehensive cultivation of dwarf anvil trees is significantly higher than that of Qiaohua trees. In the cultivation, dwarf trees should be deeply buried in the anvil, re-trimmed, and rejuvenated. Try to use less pesticides that are irritating to the pericarp cells during the young fruit period. When using pesticides, they can be used together with new high-fat membranes to improve the utilization rate of pesticide active ingredients and reduce the amount of pesticides.

Pick up the leaves in time, turn the fruit, and put the reflective film on the ground to fill the light to promote the healthy development of the peel. Optimize the tree shape, eliminate too many branches, open the interlayer light path, reduce the low light effect crown area, and create favorable conditions for uniform coloring of the fruit.

Why does the apple crack?

There are three main reasons for the cracks in apples.

1. Calcium nutrition disorders. The lack of calcium in the pericarp cells makes the peels poorly spread, and the flesh cells grow rapidly during the fruit expansion period, causing many cracks on the fruit surface. There is two peak periods for apples in the whole year. One is the peak of calcium absorption in fruits 2 to 6 weeks after apple flowering. During this period, continuous spraying of 3 to 4 times of calcium fertilizer can significantly increase the absorption of calcium in the early fruit. Second, in the second expansion period of the fruit, that is, 30 to 40 days before the apple harvest, spray 1 to 2 times of calcium fertilizer.

At the same time, organic fertilizer is added to improve soil physical and chemical properties. For orchards that are prone to calcium deficiency such as sandy loam and acid soil, the pH of the soil should be adjusted by applying lime. Combined with autumn application of organic fertilizer, each fruit tree is applied with 1 to 2 kg of calcium nitrate. In March, the first growth peak of roots in the first stage, each plant is applied with 0.25 kg of calcium phosphate. The right amount of boron can promote the transport of carbohydrates to the roots, promote new roots, and facilitate the absorption of calcium.

2. High temperature in summer. In the central and southern parts of Yunnan Province, the temperature is above 35 °C every year from May to June. After bagging, the temperature inside the bag is significantly higher than that outside the bag, causing the skin burns to age prematurely and the ductility is deteriorated;

At the same time, the amount of transpiration is reduced, further reducing the concentration of calcium in the fruit, and the amount of calcium flowing into the fruit is less as the transpiration solution flows, further reducing the concentration of calcium in the fruit. It is suggested that the soil management of the orchard will be changed from clear tillage to grass and grass, with a small amount of irrigation, and the conditional orchard will set high water spray to cool down and ease the high temperature of the orchard.

3. Water imbalance. In the fruit growth period, due to improper application of water in the orchard, the soil moisture changes greatly, such as in the long-term drought period, large water irrigation. It is recommended that the orchard use a small number of multiple irrigation methods in the water management to maintain a relatively stable soil moisture content in the orchard soil.

Several reasons for the cracking of apple molting

What is the cracking of apple cracks? How to prevent cracking

1. 1. Poor soil conditions in orchards: Orchards with sandy soil and shallow soils that are easily leaking and leaking water, causing cracks in the skin;
2. 2. Under flood conditions, flooding or sudden downpour of heavy water: Under drought conditions, the water content of fruit cells is reduced. In the period of swelling of young fruit, sudden flooding or sudden heavy rain causes the flesh cells to expand vigorously, while the pericarp cells can not keep up. Speed, causing suede cracks;
3. 3. Insufficient boron, calcium and potassium content or high nitrogen fertilizer: Most occur in the fruit expansion period after the development of apple seeds stops. The cracks first expand along the lenticels, and the formation of obvious transverse cracks and suede in the later stage;
4. 4. The bagging is not strict: the rainwater flows into the bag, especially in the rainy and rainy weather. Due to the high humidity inside the bag, the duration is long, which leads to cracks in the crack and fruit surface.
5. 5. Improper spraying before bagging: One week after apple Xiehua, the fluff begins to fall off. Every time the young fruit is removed, a peeling hole will be left on the fruit surface. At this time, if the sprayed particles are coarse, the suspension rate is poor, and the pesticides such as emulsifiable pesticides, penetrating and synergistic agents, Bordeaux liquid copper, agent, thiram, retort, sulfur, and some domestically-made strontium manganese zinc Etc., it has a stimulating effect on the pericarp cells, which can trigger and aggravate the occurrence of suede cracks. In this period, if there are too many kinds of pesticides used in the mixing, the concentration and the amount of the drug used will be too large, which will cause the cells of the detached cells to die in pieces, causing fruit rust and sputum cracks;
6. 6. The reason for the heavy "shoulder" crack of apple: In the late growth stage of apple, when the pulp cells expand, the temperature will drop, the peel will shrink, and the pulp cells that continue to expand will open the peel and crack. Apple "shoulder" fruit is tender, so the crack is heavy;
7. 7. After picking up the bag: If there is dew every day and the fruit is not dry before 11:00 am, the apple crack is heavy; the underground humidity is high, the apple crack is heavy; the temperature is unstable, the apple crack is heavy; the orchard is applied with nitrogen fertilizer from July to August. Apple cracks are both heavy and heavy.

(Excerpt from "Apricot Modernization Management of Apple Pear Grape Peach Tree")

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