The survey said that farmers bear 42.5% of the total cost of vegetables and only 7.6% of profits

Reading: Farmers take 42.5% of the total cost of the vegetable production, but only 7.6% of profits; the other part bears the cost of 57.5%, but the profits make up 92.4%, which means the retail and retail links occupy the bulk of profits. “

(I) How to Increase Farmers' Income in Income Distribution Reform

The fifth session of the Eleventh National People's Congress was opened at the Great Hall of the People on March 5th. It listened to Premier Wen Jiabao’s report on government work and reviewed the annual plan report and budget report. In this year's government work report, deepening the reform of the income distribution system has become an important part.

In the reform of income distribution, how to increase the income of peasants is a matter of continuing concern for the representatives of the two associations in recent years. According to the National Bureau of Statistics statistics, in the past 2011, 25 rural provinces in China had higher rural residents’ income than their provinces’ GDP growth, and 29 provinces had faster overall income growth than urban residents. In 2011, Jiangsu Province vigorously promoted the level of agricultural organization. There were 5.62 million registered members of the farmers' professional cooperatives in the province. The proportion of households entering the cooperatives reached 38%, and the amount of investment reached 90.9 billion yuan. The three indicators ranked first in the country.

(2) Establishment and Development of "Shepherd's Cooperative" and "Duck Crab Cooperative Cooperative"

Into the rural areas of Qidong City, Jiangsu Province, plastic sheds can be seen everywhere. In a vegetable greenhouse in Minxin Village, Beixin Township, Qidong City, the local famous “King of Leek” Gong Shanxin is helping the vegetable farmers in the same village to harvest leeks. Gong Shanxin told reporters that these leeks were the last batch of this year. Beixin Town leeks growers told reporters that leeks sent to all parts of the country were sold by Gong’s president. Vegetable farmers told reporters that leek's income per mu in 2011 was about 9,000 yuan.

Gong Shanxin, 53, is the chairman of the Xintian Vegetable and Fruit Cooperative in Qidong City and the first farmer to plant leeks in the greenhouse. He told us that the Xintian Vegetable Specialty Cooperative established in 2007 currently has more than 500 farmers, and more than 80% of them are leeks. Therefore, vegetable farmers are more accustomed to calling it the “Lou Cai Cooperative”. From the end of last year to the present, the greenhouses grown by their cooperatives have been in short supply. Gong Shanxin said: "The supply is very tight now. After 10 o'clock, it is too late to answer the phone and it is not enough. So a tight old customer, but also a new customer, so far away, they pull dozens of tons, 700 800 tons, so many goods, so we have to increase the area planted."

In the past 2011, reports of “food and vegetables hurt farmers” have been still fresh in people's memory all over the country. However, Gong Shanxin brings cooperatives to farmers. Every household has made a lot of money. What is there? What? Shi Bihui, a vegetable farmer who joined the Leek Cooperative in June last year, told us about his experience. Shi Bihui said: "We were planting this cucumber, eggplant, and pickled pepper at the time. The amount of money paid was very large, and the net income was not too much. There were only about 2 thousand acres per mu." Green peppers grown in the sheds of Shi Bihui’s house gained a good harvest. When he was full of joy, he sent a truckload of green peppers to the agricultural wholesale market in Shanghai. When he wanted to sell a good price, he was disappointed.

Shi Bihui told reporters that after entering the wholesale market, after pulling it over, they said they did not need it, they wouldn’t need it, they wouldn’t sell it, they wouldn’t sell it, they would pull it back, and they would have to pay for the cleaning fee, but they wouldn’t be able to drain it all. In the end, it can only be buried deeply and buried.

This bitter experience made Shi Bihui almost want to give up the vegetable greenhouse that had been planted for many years. At this time, Gong Shanxin and his vegetable cooperative came to Yangqiao Village. There are training courses in the cooperatives, from seeding to fertilizers, pesticides to sales, and cooperatives to conduct unified management. As early as 2003, Gong Shanxin discovered that traditional greenhouse vegetables such as cucumbers, rapeseeds, and peppers have shown signs of homogenous competition, while leek, which uses a wide range of consumer markets in the south of the Yangtze River, was "outstanding." Gong Shanxin learned that the local market for Qidong in Qidong coincided with the peak market demand during the Spring Festival of New Year's Day, which was one month earlier than that of northern Chinese leeks. At the same time, the leek also had the advantages of simple planting, multi-year harvesting, cultivation and harvesting, and low labor consumption. The most important thing is that the leek has not been planted in a contiguous scale in East China, so Gong Shanxin decided to change the crop to a greenhouse.

Shi Bihui said: "We started in 2003 and tried it all at once. We planted 5 or 6 mu of leeks and the benefits are quite good. At the time of 2003 there were 5,6,000 bucks and an acre." The success of the initial experiment allowed Gong Shan to take Made up your mind. Since 2004, he has gradually changed all his 500-acre vegetables to greenhouses. In 2007, he joined more than 100 farmers in the same village and set up a special cooperative for leeks, which is managed from the purchase of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and sales.

Shi Bihui told reporters that cooperatives buy seeds for farmers, the seeds are wholesale prices, and fertilizers are also wholesale prices. When they are sold, they are sold in a unified manner, so the credibility of cooperatives is getting better and better. Because their leeks played brands and they knew more people, they also came from Beijing. Tianjin also came. Xuzhou also came. He also came and Hefei also came. In June 2011, Shi Bihui and several vegetable farmers in the same village joined Gong Shanxin's cooperatives and changed all of their own 10 mu sheds into leeks. According to the unified requirements of the cooperatives, the first season of leeks planted in the first year of the market can only be cut. But it is this leeks, still let Shi Bihui tasted the sweetness. Shi Bihui told reporters that the net income of a trip was 5,000 yuan. The amount of fertilizer used to grow sheds is only one-third that of traditional vegetables. The time spent on centralized management is only three or four months each year. The rest of the time, he and his wife can work outside. Shi Bihui said that his 10 acres of land earned 50,000 to 60,000, coupled with his own work to earn 230,000, his wife earned 15,000, and family income increased by more than 60,000, of course, these are net income.

Gong Shanxin's “Leek Cooperative” aims at market demand and has driven the growth of farmers’ income by changing traditional planting varieties. In Sanhe Village, Beixin Township, Qidong City, the village with more than 20 years of history of crab cultivation has achieved the objective of increasing farmers' income through the establishment of specialized farmer cooperatives without changing the species.

Sanhe Village’s professional dungeon farming cooperative was established in 2009 and currently has more than 300 farmers. The chairman of the cooperative, Wu Zhongxiang, told us that despite the fact that there are more than 20 years of breeding history, the production and quality of dungeon crab has not been improved. After the establishment of the cooperative, the first problem they solved was training the farmers.

Wu Zhongxiang, a deterred crab farmer in Sanhe Village, Beixin Town, Qidong City, told reporters that before 2009, large-scale training was not available. Only farmers, farmers, and farmers communicate with each other. In fact, this is a key, just look at the front, do not look ahead. The growth rate of dung beetle is also good and the quality is also good. In addition to regular centralized technical training, the cooperative also invites experts from scientific research institutes to guide the breeding sites. A series of technical trainings have brought tangible benefits to the detained crab farmers. Wu Zhongxiang, chairman of the Qidong professional crab cooperative cooperative, said: “When we first started raising in the 1980s, we only had 100 jins, 100 jins and an acre of mu, and now we had 400 jins and 400 jins. Then the first two years, The first three years before the general reach of 300 pounds, is the master of culture, and now 300 pounds is not a master, it is very likely that the general is low.”

The production and quality of deducted crabs have improved. How can the problem of marketing be solved? Wu Zhongxiang told us that there is a group of people who do not raise crabs in their crab cooperatives. The cooperatives hire full-time marketers. The reporter learned that there are 15 such people in total, and the main thing to do is to brand the cooperatives. The second is to help the farmer to sell the crabs as soon as possible and quickly. The third is that the price can be higher than other places and other areas.

Li Hongyi is one of the 15 full-time marketers of the Dumpling Cooperative. He is mainly responsible for sales in surrounding areas such as Kunshan, Wuxi and Yixing. He said: “Each year we need to understand the market conditions and how many crabs are required for farmers outside. We release the information back to the members of the cooperative. When we raise it, we have a bottom, and this seedling is basically sold. There are counts in my heart."

In 2011, the output value of the Sanhecun Dumping Crab Specialist Cooperative was more than 100 million yuan. The average income of farmers in the cooperatives increased by more than 20% from the previous year. Up to now, there have been 481 farmer professional cooperatives registered in the city of Qidong. The number of farmer households that have joined the cooperative has reached 50%, covering agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, deputy fisheries, and fishing. Cooperatives have a clear role in increasing farmers' income. A survey in Qidong City shows that the income of farmers in the city's farmer cooperatives is on average 20% higher than that of ordinary farmers, and some key townships are even more than 40% higher. Sun Jianhua, secretary of the Qidong Municipal Party Committee, said that the farmers' professional cooperatives can effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers and avoid some market risks. They are also an effective carrier for the docking of agricultural products or industries and markets.

The Law of the People's Republic of China on Farmers' Professional Cooperatives implemented in 2007 stipulates that farmers' professional cooperatives are the producers and operators of similar agricultural products or providers and users of similar agricultural production and management services based on the contracted management of rural households, and they voluntarily combine and democratically Managed mutual aid economic organizations. Farmers' professional cooperatives, with their members serving as the main targets, provide the purchase of agricultural production materials, sales, processing, transportation, storage of agricultural products, and technical and information services related to agricultural production and management.

(III) “Suhe” Associated Press’ Direct Selling Model for Agricultural Products

On the eve of the two sessions, the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office went to Jiangsu Province to conduct special research on the development of farmers' professional cooperatives there. The research report shows that "farmers' professional cooperatives" play a very good role in evading the risks of the agricultural market and safeguarding the immediate interests of farmers. How do they operate and develop?

In the rural area of ​​Qidong, Jiangsu, local farmers increased the income from planting by virtue of the development model of cooperatives, but they later discovered that from the fields to supermarkets and supermarkets, too many intermediate links made farmers and the public suffer losses. After some investigations, they also set up a "professional cooperative association" in an innovative way. They directly set up direct-operated stores in cities, promoted the connection between production and sales, cracked down on sales bottlenecks, and promoted the construction of urban fresh agricultural products retail system.

At the end of December 2011, a supermarket specializing in the sale of agricultural products opened in the downtown area of ​​downtown Qidong. Into this supermarket, we found that all the sales were local farmers and their own farmed agricultural products, and this supermarket has a unique logo - "Su".

Zhang Haibing, director of the Qidong Agriculture and Industry Office, told the reporter that Su He’s trademark was established by the Jiangsu Provincial Agriculture Commission in order to promote farmers’ income and establish a brand in the name of a farmer cooperative. With the rapid development of farmers' professional cooperatives, the scale of cooperative bases has been expanding, and the problem of difficult sales of agricultural products has occurred from time to time. Sun Jianhua said: “The peasants really planted something, there are too many intermediate links, and after the intermediate links are over, the real profitability of the peasants is relatively low.”

According to a survey conducted by the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture, the total cost per kilogram of vegetable production and sales is 2.02 yuan, and the total profit is 2.15 yuan. Among them, the farmer bears 42.5% of the total cost in the production process, but only 7.6% in profit; other links Assuming a cost of 57.5% and a profit of 92.4%, this means that the retail and retail links account for the bulk of profits. The birth of "Su He" is an attempt to solve the "intermediate link" problem. The reporter learned that the peasant cooperative economic organization can guide, that is, it is equal to the direct connection with the market. It can guide the peasants to plant what and how to grow in the future. In this case, the ordinary people will plant these kinds of high-efficiency. The enthusiasm of the agricultural products that the city needs will also increase. The people increased their income and stabilized prices.

The person in charge of the direct-operated store told the reporter that the Su He Qidong Sales Cooperative Association had integrated 57 professional cooperatives in the city, since the agricultural products sold were all directly transported from the fields of the cooperatives to supermarkets, which was lower than the average price of the surrounding markets. % to 20%. Sun Jianhua, secretary of the Qidong Municipal Committee of Jiangsu Province, said: “How to increase the income of farmers, in addition to the adjustment of the agricultural industry structure, the promotion of agricultural science and technology, and the establishment of a good public service system, the key is to turn our farmers This is a good match for the market. Then there is an important medium for the peasants' professional cooperation."

According to incomplete statistics, in 2011, Jiangsu Province established 73 sales cooperative associations, including 33 “Suhe” sales cooperative associations, and 62 directly-operated stores in urban communities, directly promoting 1200 farmers’ cooperatives to enter the city. Agricultural products achieved sales revenue of over 700 million yuan throughout the year.

(IV) How to take a good path to the healthy development of “peasant professional cooperatives”

Rural cooperatives united a family of farmers in the market, divided them and worked together to greatly increase production efficiency. Since the implementation of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Farmers' Professional Cooperatives" in 2007, the number of farmers' professional cooperatives nationwide has reached 50. Wanjia. How to ensure the healthy development of farmers' professional cooperatives? At the two national conferences in recent years, some deputies have made suggestions and suggestions. National People's Congress deputy Feng Leping, chairman of the Beijing Lepingxi melon specialty cooperative, said that paying attention to increasing farmers' income is actually a topic she has been paying attention to.

Feng Leping, deputy to the 11th National People's Congress. As a farmer with more than 20 years of watermelon planting experience, and also a director of the Beijing Lepingxi melon specialty cooperative, Feng Leping has always been watching the development of farmer professional cooperatives. In July 2007, the "Farmer Professional Cooperative Law" was formally implemented, but it didn't take long for Feng Leping to find a problem. She said: "Before the establishment of the farmers' professional cooperatives, these scattered melon farmers went to produce their own products in their own land because the State Council has already introduced tax exemptions for local governments, and it also avoided the taxation of such agricultural and sideline products that were produced and sold. Then they discovered that this In the past, one household could enjoy this policy, and then it would not be available to a professional cooperative."

During the two sessions of the National Conference in 2008, Feng Leping proposed that “the existing beneficial agricultural policies do not exclude farmers' professional cooperatives.” He hopes that the government’s tax incentives for farmers will continue to be implemented in professional cooperatives. This proposal has attracted the attention of relevant departments. . On June 24, 2008, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued the “Notice on Tax Policies for Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives”, which clearly stipulates: the sale of agricultural products produced by members of the Society to farmers’ professional cooperatives, and the sale of agricultural films to members of the Society, Seeds, seedlings, fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural machinery, etc. are exempted from VAT; contract purchases and sales of agricultural products and agricultural production materials signed by members of cooperatives and members of the Society are exempt from stamp duty. Feng Leping said: “In the second year, I proposed a certain stage for the development of a professional cooperative. It is necessary for people to lead and do it. Is it true that college students can go to professional cooperatives to develop?”

During the two sessions of the National People's Congress in 2010, Feng Leping also put forward the proposal that “College students who work in cooperatives should enjoy the benefits of village officials” to solve the talent bottleneck encountered in the development of farmer professional cooperatives. Feng Leping told us that this proposal has also been well implemented in Beijing. In April 2011, among the 3,127 “College Student Village Officials” selected for employment in Beijing, 145 “village officials” were identified as “Assistant Directors of Farmer Professional Cooperatives”. She said: "Now cooperatives have already enjoyed the implementation of this policy. Then when they come, they will bring some professional knowledge and professional sales of this skill."

Feng Leping told us that at present, their Ximei melon cooperative has 650 members, annual sales income of more than 80 million yuan, and radiation surrounding more than 3,000 farmers. As a deputy to the National People's Congress, at this year's two sessions, she will continue to pay attention to the issues of farmers' professional cooperatives. She said: "This year's proposal may still have to continue in professional cooperatives. The government continues to support the issue of financial loans in other provinces and cities. Beijing may not be very prominent. If we say that financial loans are needed by everyone, I'm talking to a few people now. The NPC deputies of the province are in communication. If we all strongly hope that it will also bring this financial loan demand to the meeting.”

Half hour observation:

In this morning's report on the work of the government, Premier Wen Jiabao pointed out that the main task for 2012 is to promote stable and rapid economic development. Expanding domestic demand, especially consumer demand, is a fundamental foothold for the long-term stable and rapid development of China's economy and is the focus of this year’s work. At the same time, we must pay close attention to formulating the overall plan for reforming the income distribution system. Efforts should be made to increase the proportion of residents’ income in the distribution of national income, increase the proportion of labor remuneration in initial distribution, and so on. We have noticed that, in addition to putting forward the focus of this work, the report also mentioned the way of work, that is, to accelerate the establishment of a long-term mechanism for expanding consumption. We will vigorously adjust the income distribution pattern, increase the income of low- and middle-income earners, and increase residents' spending power. We will improve policies to encourage resident consumption. Expand consumer credit. Improve the consumer environment and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. While steadily advancing the reform of the income distribution system, we have seen a slight reduction in our GDP forecast this year. The 7.5% growth rate is conducive to stabilizing prices and creating conditions for economic restructuring. To truly achieve a steady increase in national income, it is also necessary to implement the directional provisions in government reports as real actions.