How to prevent peanut pests and diseases?
I. Peanut Disease Peanut common diseases mainly include stalk rot, root rot, leaf spot, and rust. 1. Symptoms of stalk rot: Cotyledons are dark brown in color, dry and rot. They spread to the base of the stem and become yellow-brown, water-soaked lesions. Finally, they turn into dark brown rot. Later in the onset, they begin at the stem base or the main lateral branch. Raw water immersed lesions, dark brown, black brown, wilting and dead on the ground. Control methods: stalk rot is mainly caused by seed borne pathogens, even for serious disease, early crop disease, so a reasonable rotation should be implemented, seeds should be fully dried before storage, sowing before the broadcast, seed selection, without mildew, Poor seed quality, good seed disinfection, 50% carbendazim seed dressing 0.3% seed dressing. 2. Symptoms of root rot: The base of the stem is immersed in water, yellow-brown, and the plants are relatively short. The leaves dry up from the bottom up, and the main lateral roots turn brown and rot. In the later period, only the main roots of the brown shrinkage are left. Control methods: a reasonable rotation, strict seed selection, drying seeds, seed dressing 0.3% of 50% carbendazim seed dressing, early onset with 50% carbendazim 1000 times the whole field spray. 3, leaf spot (mainly including brown spot, black spot disease) Symptoms: brown spot lesions round, dark brown, larger lesions outside the edge of a yellow halo, gray mold later; dark spots The lesions were round and dark brown with no yellow halos around the lesions. The lesions were smaller than those with brown spots. Control methods: a reasonable rotation; selection of disease-resistant varieties; high-temperature and rainy July and August is the key period for the control of leaf spot, early onset can be sprayed 50% carbendazim 800 times or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times Liquid or 70% mancozeb 800 times, spray once every 15 days, spray 2-3 times. 4. Symptoms of flower rust: The bottom leaves first begin to occur. The leaves have yellow ecchymosis. They are small in shape. There is a very narrow yellow halo around them. After the epidermis dehisces, rust-colored powders are scattered. In severe cases, the leaves turn yellow and dry off. Control methods: At the beginning of the disease, 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution or 25% Fennin 500 times solution field spray. Second, peanut pests The main pests of peanuts are locusts, tigers and earthworms. 1. Aphid locusts not only suck the juice of peanuts, but they are also the main media for transmitting the virus. Prevention and control of peanut aphid must be based on early words, with 40% omethoate control 1000 times. 2. Ground tigers, tigers and earthworms are underground pests, which not only endanger the duration but also cause serious damage. Often caused by the phenomenon of lack of seedlings and ridges, it is currently the most important pests affecting peanut production. Because underground pests are often underground activities, which are highly concealed and difficult to control, comprehensive prevention and control methods must be adopted. (I) Agricultural control: (1) Rational rotation: Peanuts are well-established crops such as corn and millet to avoid heavy crops. (2) Autumn deep turning: autumn deep turning can turn pests to the ground, causing them to be exposed to the sun, or to be eaten by birds, reducing the source of insects. (b) Chemical control: (1) Seed coating: coating with seed coating before sowing, this method can also effectively prevent rat damage. (2) Soil treatment: Before sowing site preparation, use 3% granule carbofuran 22.5-30kg or 3% phorate granules 22.5-30kg per hectare, evenly spread over the field surface, and gently dig into the soil; or take carbofuran Phosphate granules are sprinkled in the sowing ditch and then sowed; insecticides can also be mixed into the organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. (3) Prevention and control of larvae: In late June and late July, 30-45 kg of phoxim granules and 250-300 kg of eucalyptus are applied to the rhizosphere of the peanut at the hatching height and the young stage of the beetle. . It is also possible to use 50% phoxim or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times to root.