High-quality cultivation technology of colored bell peppers

I. Variety Selection

Should choose angel series, there are three varieties of yellow angel, purple angel, orange angel. The Angel series is the main planted variety in foreign countries, and it is also the best performing variety in our cultivation and promotion. 

2. Cultivation period

According to different protection facilities, it can be divided into greenhouse cultivation in early spring and greenhouse cultivation in late winter. Greenhouse cultivation in early spring, generally nursery in mid-October, planting in mid-December, harvesting from early to mid-March, continued until late July; cultivation in winter greenhouses after autumn extension, generally nursery in mid-August, planting in mid-October, The harvest phase is entered in the middle of the month and can last until the middle of July. 

3. Seedling raising technology

Cultivation in greenhouses and sunlight greenhouses generally adopts seedling trays for greenhouse seedlings, and greenhouse seedlings can also be used for seedlings.

1. Seed soaking and germination: Place the seeds in 55 ° C warm water, keep stirring, reduce the water temperature to 30 ° C within 10 minutes, and soak them in a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes after removing them, then wash them with water , Soak for 4 to 5 hours, wrap with gauze, and germinate at 25 to 28 ° C. After 4 to 5 days, the seeds are ready for sowing. It can also be soaked in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 15 minutes to play a role in virus inactivation. 

2. Nutrient soil configuration generally uses 6 parts of field soil with no bacteria and 4 parts of fully decomposed loop fertilizer to make mixed soil, and then adds 1 kg of superphosphate, 80 g of carbendazim, and 60 g of trichlorfon per cubic meter of mixed soil. , Mix thoroughly, suffocate the cover film for 10-15 days, put it into a seedling tray or spread it inside the hoe, and pour through the bottom water for seeding.

3. Sowing and seedlings The germinated seeds are sown in seedling trays or hoe, covered with 1 cm thick soil, covered with plastic film, and kept warm and moisturized. After 70% of the seeds were unearthed, the mulch was removed. When the seedlings reach 2 to 3 true leaves, they can be divided. The seedlings were divided into 8 cm x 10 cm nutrient bowls equipped with nutrient soil, 1 bowl and 1 plant. 

4. Temperature and humidity management The ground temperature before emergence should be controlled at about 20 ° C, the temperature during the day should be controlled at 28-30 ° C, and the night temperature should be 18-20 ° C. After the seedlings are uniform and the cotyledons are flattened, in order to prevent the seedlings from growing too long, the temperature should be appropriately reduced. The temperature should be controlled at 25-27 ° C during the day and 17-18 ° C at night to ensure that the cotyledons are hypertrophic, green, moderately short, and robust. 3 to 4 days before seedling division, strengthen ventilation, and control the temperature during the day at about 25 ° C and the night temperature at about 15 ° C. Low-temperature exercise can be carried out on seedlings in order to slow down the seedlings after seedling. Within one week after seedling, the ground temperature is controlled at 18-20 ° C, and the daytime temperature is controlled at 25-30 ° C. After about one week, new leaves of the seedlings are grown, and the temperature is properly ventilated to prevent the seedlings from growing too long. 

Humidity control at seedling stage, it should be dry or not wet before seedling; after seedling, new leaves begin to grow, the soil moisture of the bed evaporates quickly, the soil is slightly dry, and watering is appropriate.

Fourth, cultivation methods

1. Site preparation, fertilization, and application of 5,000 kilograms of rotten organic fertilizer per mu, 25 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 25 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer, raking and leveling, hoe width 1.2 meters, hoe height 15 cm, double line Planting, line spacing 80 cm. 

2. Planting and planting density Seedlings grow to 4 to 5 true leaves, the ground temperature is above 15 ° C, choose sunny and good weather for planting. When planting, timely plant water. The planting density varies according to the planting time and the length of the cultivation period. The planting density per acre in the early spring greenhouse is 2 300 plants per acre, and the planting density in the winter greenhouse after the fall is 1 900 plants per acre. 

V. Post-plant Management

1. Temperature and humidity management Compared with other peppers, the color is more sensitive to extreme temperature and humidity response. The following two aspects should be focused on management.

Initial stage of planting: In order to accelerate the slow seedling, 5 ~ 6 days after planting should maintain high temperature and humidity. It is 28 ~ 30 ℃ during the day, not lower than 25 ℃ at night, and the humidity is 70% ~ 80%. 

After slow seedling to flowering and fruiting period: The colored sweet pepper has a developed root system and strong growth potential. The temperature and humidity management after the slow seedling is very critical. If it is not properly managed, the temperature is too high and the humidity is too high, it will cause the plant to grow too long, resulting in flowers and fruits. "Empty seedlings" are formed, and the whole plant does not bear 1 fruit. The air temperature during the day is 20 ～ 25 ℃, the night temperature is 18 ～ 21 ℃, the soil temperature is about 20 ℃, and the humidity is 50% ～ 5060%. 

2. Water and fertilizer management The soil humidity should be controlled at about 80%. * Drip irrigation system is used. If there is no drip irrigation condition, plastic water pipes can be used to irrigate the trees regularly and quantitatively in the early stage of growth. After flowering for 1 week, 30 kg of ammonium phosphate, 20 kg of diammonium sulfate, and 10 kg of potassium sulfate were applied per acre. Since the first harvest, generally every time it was harvested, the ternary compound fertilizer was applied once, and 30 kg was applied per acre.

3. Adjusting the quality management of plants and fruits The colored sweet pepper grows robustly and has a large single fruit. To ensure fruit quality and yield, the plants need to be adjusted. Generally, double-rod pruning and scaffolding are adopted. Each plant retains 2 strong side branches, and other side branches are removed early, and some leaves are removed according to the condition of the plant to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. Each side branch * keeps growing vertically upward. The bracket * uses hanging vine ropes to wind the hanging branches. The pruning and winding work is generally performed once a week. There is no hanging vine facility, and a bamboo pole of about 1.5 meters can be used as a bracket. The bell peppers are removed in time after flowering to facilitate the robust growth of the branches on both sides and increase the yield of the inner branches throughout the growth period. The quality management of colored pepper fruits is particularly important. Generally, the number of first fruit set per side branch does not exceed 3, and abnormal fruits should be removed as soon as possible to avoid wasting nutrients and affecting the growth and development of other fruits. Fruits are usually harvested at intervals of 4 to 5 days, and the harvest time should be in the morning. The harvested fruit should be protected from sunlight, and stored in the environment of 15 ～ 16 ℃. 

4. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests Remove disease, old and yellow leaves in time, increase ventilation and light transmission, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Aphids can be trapped with yellow boards; after colonization, use 75% chlorothalonil 600 times, 64% antiviral alum 500-800 times, plant disease spirit 500 times liquid alternately, spray every 7-10 days to prevent disease occur.

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