Non-pollution jujube production technology

1 The selection of pollution-free jujube bases has chosen to stay away from industrial and mining enterprises (distances exceeding 5km), no â€œthree wastesâ€ pollution, fertile soil, good water quality, fresh air, rich illumination resources, and a diversity of biological resources. The environmental quality of the atmosphere, water and soil meets the environmental quality standards for pollution-free agricultural product production bases. 2 Pollution-free jujube production technical indicators (1) Temperature: jujube is a thermophilic tree species, the spring temperature reaches 13 Â°C ~ 15 Â°C, began to germinate; branching leaves and flower bud differentiation need more than 17 Â°C temperature, temperature above 19 Â°C now Bud; The average daily temperature reaches about 20Â°C and enters the initial flowering stage. 22Â°Cï½ž25Â°C enters the flowering stage. The optimum temperature for pollen germination is 24Â°Cï½ž26Â°C, and it is lower than 20Â°C or higher than 36Â°Cï½ž38Â°C. Significantly lower, the temperature drops to 15Â°C in the autumn and leaves begin to fall. Root growth requires temperatures above 8.6Â°C and 22Â°C to 25Â°C to reach the peak of growth. The temperature drops to 21Â°C and grows slowly. (2) Humidity: The jujube tree needs higher air humidity during flowering, and the general relative humidity is 75% to 85%. If the air humidity is lower than 40%, the pollen can hardly germinate, which is not conducive to fertilization and can easily cause flower drop and fruit drop. (3) Light: The jujube tree is a hi-light crop. The length of sunshine will affect the growth of the jujube tree and the enlargement of the fruit. Under the sunshine conditions of 11 to 12 hours, the date branches and leaves are dense and the fruit enlarges quickly. (4) Land nutrition: Jujube trees are not strict with soil environmental conditions, and are suitable for sandy loam soils. Nitrogen content can reach 50 mg kg-1 or more. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can improve the fruit setting rate and promote fruit growth and development. Magnesium, copper, iron and other trace elements also have a certain amount of demand. 3 Non-pollution jujube production technical regulations 3.1 Deep-enlarged hole expansion, adding organic fertilizer After jujube harvesting every autumn, the jujube tree is deep-opened and enlarged, and the tree disk is trimmed. The soil is thin and the exposed jujube trees in the root system are soiled and the soil layer is thickened. At the same time, Pu Shi organic fertilizer was used once, and each plant was over 100 kg, and mixed fruit tree special fertilizer was used for 1 to 2 kg. Organic manure was mainly composed of high-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer, circulatory fertilizer, and decomposed livestock manure. 3.2 Renovation of terraced tree trays in winter and spring farm season, repairing the elevation of the terraced terraces and the outer edge of the tree tray to keep it slightly above the surface of the terraces or tree trays, leaving a nozzle on one side and repairing it in time after the rain. Ruined terraces and tree plates. 3.3 Fertilizer and Water Management At the same time as applying basal fertilisers, annual pre-emergence and post-inflorescence topdressing of twice-available nitrogen fertilizers, 0.5 to 1.5 kg per plant, combined with pest control at the later stage, foliar application of 0.2% to 0.5% urea, 500 Double photosynthetic fertilizer and 0.2% to 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate two times or more. Watering should be combined with fertilization, watering in time after each fertilization, the key is to water well 4 times, ie before germination, flowering, fruit expansion and frozen water, on this basis, do a good job in cultivator, loose soil, soil moisture, Vigorously promote the application of tree disk coating, hole storage fertilizer and water technology. 3.4 Pruning Pruning Pruning is performed in winter and summer. With the method of tree sculpting, each tree retains 5 to 10 backbone branches and is evenly arranged in the tree body; 1 to 2 and excessive branches are removed for excessive erect and raw branches. Angle 1ï½ž2; Method of sparse or retracting for dense branches, cross branches, disease and insect branches, etc.; for budding branches, aging branches, rejuvenation through retraction; short-term jujube branches with space, short Cut off and further expand the canopy. 3.5 Baohuabao date tree has a large amount of flowers and a long flowering period, but it has serious flowering and fruit drop, and its flowering and setting need certain air temperature and humidity, good light, sufficient nutrients and endogenous hormones. Therefore, strengthening the management of jujube flowering and increasing fruit setting rate are the key measures to achieve high yield of jujube. 3.5.1 During the flowering period, when the water spray lasts for high temperature and drought, at 4-5 in the afternoon, water is sprayed on the trees. When conditions allow, watering the ground at the same time increases the air humidity of the jujube garden. 3.5.2 Flowering period Spraying of Epsom from the initial flowering stage to the late flowering stage sprays 2 to 3 times 10 to 15 mgL-1 of the toxin. 3.5.3 Flowering open armor and bee-opening armor are only applicable to strong trees and jujube gardens with good fertilizer and water conditions. From flowering to the end of flowering, at 20-30cm from the ground, stripping the bark of a set of rings with a width of 3 to 5mm, a plastic film that can't heal completely within 1 month will promote healing, and the annual position will be shifted upwards after the opening. 3 to 5cm. In addition, flowering bees can also significantly increase the fruit setting rate. 4 Diseases and Insect Pest Control Techniques Harmful diseases and insect pests of jujube include peach borer, date jujube and jujube rust. In some plots and individual years, Japanese waxy fleas also occur more severely. During the prevention and treatment, it is forbidden to use highly toxic and high-residue pesticides, and to disable any medicaments 15-20 days before harvesting. 4.1 Pest control of peach borer In winter, deep-turning soil is used to excavate the overwintering larvae at the base of the trunk, and the fall leaves are removed after the fall, and are destroyed outside the park. From the end of May to the beginning of June, 50% phoxim microcapsules are sprayed on the ground after the rain for 400 to 600 times. According to the law of occurrence and growth, they are used from late June to early July and late July. 15% of the broom net 2000 times liquid spray on the tree 2 to 3 times. 4.2 Prevention of zaoyu in early spring Digging quail, tying up plastic film on trees, preventing female adults from getting on trees, scraping old bark, and destroying eggs. From March to April, 50% phoxim emulsion was sprayed on the ground 500 times and the unearthed adults were killed. From late April to early May, 2-3 times instar larvae were eliminated by spraying 2-3 times with BT water solution 300 times or 5% cypermethrin 3000 times. 4.3 Prevention and cure of Japanese wax grasshoppers In the early spring, the wintering female adults were manually scraped off, combined with pruning, cut off the worm branches, and then sprayed with 5 Baume degree lime sulfur or 10% diesel emulsion. At the end of June and early July, 80% of the trees were sprayed with dichlorvos. Emulsion 800 to 1 000 times 2 or 3 times. 4.4 Prevention of rust of jujube In autumn and winter, defoliants are cleaned to eliminate the source of disease. From mid-June, spray of triadimefon 2 500 times or twice the volume of Bordeaux mixture 200 to 300 times every 15 to 20 days, 3 times in total. 5 Harvesting jujube at the right time is generally done in September. After harvesting, it is washed and dried and then graded and packaged.