High-yield and high-efficiency culture of tilapia in small and medium-sized reservoirs

I. The basic conditions for reservoir fish farming
1. Water is abundant, the water level is relatively stable, and the water surface of fish farming can still be maintained during the dry season. It is more ideal to have water supplements.
2. Good water-based, rich biological resources, basically meet the fishery water quality standards, no pollution source.
3. Less predators are in the reservoir area, and fierce fish in the water are easily removed. The bottom of the reservoir is flat, and the trees and bamboo forest can be removed.
4. The inlet and outlet can install better fish-blocking facilities. A reservoir with an area of ​​about 1,000 mu that can be drained for fishing has the best economic benefits for fish farming.
5, seed and feed can be resolved in the nearest, convenient transportation.

Second, preparation before stocking
1. Clearing up the pond is to remove the wild fish in the reservoir area and wild fish caught by the main fish. This work is very important, but it is often overlooked by farmers. The elimination of predators and the improvement of the environment can effectively prevent the damage of large-scale ferocious fish to the cultured species and reduce the competition for feed and water space between wild-caught fish and stocked fish. The second is to clear the trees, bamboo forests, houses, and brick walls in the reservoir area that were inundated by the water body before the original reservoir. However, some people consider that the reservoir area, the water depth, and the deep water surface are large. It is difficult to clear the pond and the investment is large. Necessary clear pond cleaning and feeding directly to the seedlings, the result is too difficult to develop fish fishing time, so that the low rate of fish cultured catch, affecting the economic benefits of breeding. Therefore, the clearing pond must be done well.
2, set up blocking facilities (1) barred fish facilities, is one of the basic conditions for the reservoir fish, it plays a safeguard role in fish production. Because the larger the water catchment area of ​​the reservoir, the more water inlets it has, and the higher the mountain of the ring reservoir, the greater the flow rate and flow rate of the water. In addition, the reservoir also has water outlet culverts, diversion channels and spillways and other drainage outlets. At these inlets and outlets, fish farming will not be guaranteed if there are no established facilities to stop fish. Especially during the flood season, spillways are most likely to escape fish. Therefore, before putting the fish in the reservoir, it is necessary to consider the establishment of a fish-blocking facility to prevent and reduce losses caused by fish escape. However, it should be noted that blocking facilities in medium-sized reservoirs in larger bodies of water can be divided into warehouses and forks. Blocking facilities are set up for zonal culture. Not all reservoirs need to be partitioned to block the network, causing unnecessary costs to increase.
(2) Blocking material: polyethylene net, polyethylene rope, float (tube), sinker.
(3) Blocking method: Select a block in the shallow water where the normal flow rate at the inlet and outlet is less than or close to the normal flow rate of the fish. Determine the size of the block net and block the net. It should be based on the body length or head width of the stocked fish. If it is too small, it will increase the pressure of flowing water and affect normal drainage. If it is too large, it will not play a role in blocking fish.
(4) Installation of block: According to the topography of the reservoir, install a block net after fixing the fork in the easier operation with a stump or iron stake. Blocks are mainly divided into three parts: main block, anti-hop network and bottom-level network. The net length and height of the main block are 10% to 15% higher than the actual width and depth of the interception section. The length of the anti-hop net and the bottom net is the same as that of the main net, but the anti-hop net should be higher than the water surface by 0.6 to 1 meters and the bottom net by 1 to 1.5 meters. Install a moderate weight of sinker at the bottom of the net to ensure that the net is blocked to the bottom.
Third, the release of fry
1, choose a good seed. After years of exploration and selection, Ao tilapia has become the first major fish culture because of its cold-tolerance, rapid growth, and high male rate.
2, reasonable stocking. The main parts of the purchase and sale are the average tail weight of 0.5 kg or less, 0.5 to 0.8 kg, 0.8 to 1.1 kg, or more than 1.1 kg, corresponding to four grades of product prices. The price difference for each adjacent commodity is about one yuan per kilogram. In addition, the water level of the reservoir is often affected by the season and irrigation water, and varies greatly. Generally, the water level is high in spring and summer, and it gradually decreases in autumn and winter. The flood season is the highest and water is discharged from the spillway. The dry period was the lowest and the bottom of the reservoir was extensively exposed. To give full play to the reservoir's potential for production and improve tilapia production, it is necessary to rationalize the stocking of fish species and do a good job of management. When stocking stocks, stocks of larger, more robust stocks should be selected. Therefore, it is an urgent requirement for the current aquatic market to conduct rational stocking and greatly increase product specifications. The stocking density is controlled at 2000 to 3000 tails of tilapia, 100 to 300 tails of freshwater pelicans, 50 to 80 tails and otters, and 30 to 50 tails, suitable for raising some squid and southern big oysters. The actual production shows that the high density of tilapia reared in reservoirs is incomparable to the general soil pool, and the yield per mu is more than 2 tons. Product specifications and aquaculture profits have been increased synchronously. General mu profits are more than 2,000 yuan, the maximum mu profit up to 4,000 yuan.

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