Full-vegetal cover plastic cultivation technology of fresh sunflower
First, the selection of earthworms in the field is drought-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, salt-tolerant, drought-resistant and adaptable. Due to the developed root system, strong water-absorption and absorptive capacity, and a high consumption of soil, it cannot be replanted or bred. Except for sugar beet and deep-rooted forage grass, other crops can be used as the front pods of sunflower cultivars. it is good. In the autumn, deep and medium-sized tractors will be used for deep plowing. In the spring, the water will be soaked in water, and the land will be ploughed and cultivated before sowing. Second, the appropriate time sowing Variety selection and seed treatment. Select high-yield, high-quality and low-branch varieties with short plants, such as DK119 and RH3708. Seeds are sown with seeds that are pure and free from grains, granules, pods, pods, and seeds. 3 days - 5 days before sowing, drying 1 day - 2 days, is conducive to seed germination and emergence, and sterilization. Can also be soaked, seed dressing and other drugs. 2. Sowing period. In general, seedlings can be sown when the temperature of 10 cm soil layer reaches 8°C--10°C for 5 days to 8 days. Hexi region of Gansu is generally sown in late April to early May. 3. Planting methods. First, the flat film type, that is, the use of 140 cm wide plastic film cover, the film within the three kinds of lines, spacing 35 cm, the film spacing 20 cm, spacing 40 cm, Mu Bao seedlings 2600 - 3700 strains; second is the film ridge type That is, the ridge width is 80 cm, the groove width is 50 cm, the plant spacing is 40 cm, the film width is 140 cm, and 2500 strains - 2,600 strains per mu. 3. Fertilizer management. The sunflower has a moderate demand for nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, consumes more potassium, and is more sensitive to zinc fertilizers. Before planting, the Mushi farmyard fertilizer was 4000 kg, superphosphate 50 kg, urea 10 kg, zinc sulfate 2 kg, and potassium sulfate 10 kg as the base fertilizer. The top dressing is generally divided into 2 times, and the sunflower is budded with top-dressing water and topdressing 10 kg of urea; during the flowering period, topdressing is 10 kg of urea. In addition, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Gaomeishi, Penshibao can be used to regulate plant growth during the growth period. The fresh sunflower is more tolerant to drought and the number of watering times should not be too much. Generally, the water is poured in early June, the water is poured at the bud, the water is poured at the beginning of flowering, the water is poured during the blooming period, and it is poured into water. During the filling period, it is poured into four waters, and water is poured four times throughout the growing period. You can. Late irrigation should pay attention to wind, so as to avoid lodging, affecting the yield and quality. 4. Strengthen field management. Generally, the seedlings emerge after about 10 days after sowing, and the seedlings are checked for seedlings immediately after emergence. When seedlings are used, the original seed must be used. 10 days after emergence -15 days and time seedlings Dingmiao, to "one foot a nest, a nest of a plant." Seedling stage should be timely cultivating and warming, loose soil protection, reduce back to alkali, weeding when the plant height is about 30 cm, and depending on the soil and seedling timely irrigation. The fresh sunflower is a cross-pollination crop, mainly relying on insects for pollination, so it is necessary to induce bees to pollinate during the flowering period. If there is no bee colony or affected by the climate, artificial pollination may be used. The method is to take two adjacent faceplates or use a sponge dip disk every day between 9:00 am and 11:00 am, every 2 days - 3 days. Times, a total of 3 times. 5. Pay attention to pest control. The main diseases and pests of sunflower are ground tiger, leaf miner, downy mildew, rust, and sunflower pods. The following control methods can be used. 1 Use 50% phoxim and sand to control the ground tiger, etc. Use black light lamp sweet and sour liquid to lure the adult of the leaf miner, use 2.5% enemy to kill 1500 times liquid or 20% speed to kill 3,000 times liquid to spray. 2Use 75% chlorothalonil WP 500 times or 25% thiomethoxacin 600 times to control downy mildew, spray 5 days - 7 days, spray 2 times - 3 times; use 75% triadimefon 500 times liquid to prevent rust, spray 5 days - 7 days, 2 consecutive spray - 3 times. The stem base was smeared with 70% mancozeb 500 times. Timely removal of roots, leaves, stems and stems from the field. 6. Timely harvest. Seeds of sunflower seeds must be harvested in time after ripening, otherwise they may be easily damaged by falling crops, and may be subject to bird damage, resulting in a bumper yield; premature harvesting and inadequate nutrient transfer may lead to a decrease in grain weight, an increase in empty shell ratio, and a decrease in oil content and affect yield. . When the stalk becomes yellow, the upper leaves become yellow-green, the lower leaves are yellow and sagging, the back of the disk becomes brown, the ray flowers dry off, the yellow leaves of the cilia are dead, the seed coat becomes hard, and the seed should be timely if there is not too much water. reward. According to the variety of graded packaging, graded sales. Stored in a low temperature, dry, ventilated environment, so that it is moisture-proof and moisture-proof, ventilation is leakproof, deterioration is avoided, and economic efficiency is improved. China Agricultural Network Editor