In recent years, as the largest aquatic product in the world in terms of aquatic products, the sales volume of aquatic products in China has been increasing year by year. The deep processing of aquatic products in China has also started. The main products of export aquatic products have developed convenient aquatic products, flavored aquatic products, aquatic products and beverages, etc., in addition to traditional frozen products, canned fish, dried products and fresh products. Products such as health care products, beauty aquatic products and other medical and biological products are also being developed continuously. The food packaging enterprises that support them should actively study the market dynamics of aquatic products and improve the food packaging process and packaging machinery to meet the needs of aquatic food development.
I. Current status of aquatic food packaging machinery
The food and packaging machinery industry as a food industry providing equipment industry, formed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, after the rapid development of the 1980s, the rapid growth of the 1990s, through the introduction, digestion and domestic production, has been Enter a critical period of structural adjustment, product quality upgrades, and innovation capabilities. In the past five years, the food packaging machinery industry has developed at an average annual growth rate of 11%-12%, initially meeting the needs of China's food industry. At present, there are more than 5,000 manufacturers of packaging equipment in China, with an annual output of more than 200,000 sets, and more than 3,700 varieties of products. In addition to meeting domestic needs, there are also a certain number of exports.
The main problems in food packaging machinery are:
1. The gap with foreign products is large
China's food packaging machinery has achieved great results in recent years, but there are still 20 years of technology gap compared with foreign products. There are more single machines and fewer sets; there are more main engines and fewer auxiliary machines; there are many products with low technical content, few products with high technology, high added value and high productivity; there are many general-purpose models, and there are few special requirements and special materials processing. The quality gap of mechanical products is mainly reflected in poor stability and reliability, backward shape, rough appearance, short life of basic parts and components, and short fault-free operation time. Most products have not yet established reliability standards. Product performance and similar products abroad. Compared with low production capacity and high energy consumption. The better product hourly production capacity is only 1/2 of the foreign advanced level, and the energy consumption is doubled higher than the foreign advanced product level. At present, only 5% of China's food and packaging machinery has reached the level of foreign countries in the 1990s, 20% has reached the level of foreign countries in the 1980s, and 60% has reached the level of foreign countries in the 1970s.
2. Low research and development capabilities
Most of China's food processing and packaging machinery manufacturing enterprises belong to small and medium-sized enterprises, and basically do not have independent research and development capabilities.
Due to insufficient scientific research investment, the experimental conditions of the institutes and institutions of higher learning are not perfect, resulting in the products in the Chinese market mainly being domesticated by imitation, mapping or slight modification. The main technology of the industry relies on foreign countries, and there are few products with independent intellectual property rights. . According to the regulations, technology development investment can account for 3% of sales revenue, but most companies invest very little money and cannot guarantee the development of new products and technologies. Product development lacks innovation, development methods are backward, and products cannot be provided in a timely manner in line with market demand.
3. The scale of the company is small and the construction is serious.
Most of China's food packaging enterprises are small in scale. “Small and complete†is one of its main characteristics. The annual output value of most enterprises is between several million yuan and 10 million yuan, and the number of enterprises below 1 million yuan is still quite large. . The per capita labor productivity of most enterprises is below 100,000 yuan. Nearly 15% of companies change or close down each year, but 15% of them join the industry, which is extremely unstable. At the same time, in spite of the development requirements of the industry, the production of mechanical products with low cost, relatively backward process level and easy manufacture is repeated. About one-fourth of the enterprises in the industry currently have low-level repetitive production. This is a great waste of resources, causing confusion in the packaging machinery market and hindering the development of the industry.
Second, the development trend of food packaging machinery
With the continuous development of science and technology, the emergence of various food and aquatic products has put forward new requirements for food packaging technology and equipment. At present, the competition for food packaging machinery is becoming increasingly fierce. The future food packaging machinery will cooperate with industrial automation, promote the overall level of packaging equipment, and develop multi-functional, high-efficiency, low-consumption food packaging equipment.
1. Realize mechanical and electrical integration of food packaging machinery
Traditional packaging machinery mostly uses mechanical control, such as cam distribution shaft type, and later appeared control modes such as photoelectric control and pneumatic control. However, with the increasing improvement of food processing technology, the requirements for packaging parameters are increasing, and the original control system has been difficult to meet the development of new forms. New technologies should be used to change the appearance of food packaging machinery. Today's food packaging machinery is a mechanical and electronic device that integrates machine, electricity, gas, light, raw and magnetic. When designing, it should focus on improving the automation degree of packaging machinery, combining the research and development of packaging machinery with computer to realize electromechanical Integrated control.
The essence of mechatronics is to use the principle of process control from the system point of view to organically combine mechanical, electronic and information, testing and other related technologies to achieve overall optimization. Generally speaking, it introduces microcomputer technology into packaging machinery, applies electromechanical integration technology, develops intelligent packaging technology, and combines into automatic packaging system for production according to the requirements of automatic packaging process, production process detection and control, and fault diagnosis. And elimination will achieve full automation, achieving high speed, high quality, low consumption and safe production. It can be used for precise metering of aquatic processed foods, high-speed filling and automatic control of packaging process, etc., which will greatly simplify the packaging machinery structure and improve the quality of packaging products. For example, the most common plastic bag sealing machine, its sealing quality is related to packaging materials, heat sealing temperature and running speed. If the material (material, thickness) changes, the temperature and speed will change accordingly, but it is difficult to grasp the change. If the microcomputer control is used, the optimal parameters of the sealing temperature and speed of various packaging materials are matched into the microcomputer memory, and then the necessary sensors are combined to form an automatic tracking system, so that no matter which process parameter is changed, the best is guaranteed. Sealing quality.
2. Adopt new technology to establish a new packaging machinery system with automation, diversification and multi-functional integration
The technical development trend of food packaging machinery is mainly reflected in high productivity, automation, single machine multi-function, multi-functional production line, and adopting new technology. Such as: multi-station bag vacuum packaging machine, its bag making, weighing, filling, vacuuming, sealing and other functions can be completed on a single machine; several machines with different functions and matching efficiency can be combined into functions. A more complete production line, such as the fresh fish vacuum packaging production line developed by France CRACECRYOYA and ISTM. With the relevant new technology, a large number of inflatable packaging is used to replace the vacuum packaging in the packaging method, and the research on the three aspects of the inflatable component, packaging material and the air-packing machine is closely combined; in the control technology, more application of computer technology and microelectronic technology ;
Apply heat pipe and cold seal technology to the seal. In addition, as the packaging progresses from a single technology to a combination of processing and research, the packaging technology field should be extended to the processing field to develop packaging and processing integrated food processing packaging equipment.
3. Adapt to the requirements of the international market, develop and design green packaging machinery
After joining the WTO, the international packaging machinery industry is increasingly competitive. Foreign green trade barriers put forward higher requirements for the food packaging machinery industry. Therefore, it is necessary to change the traditional packaging machinery design and development model, taking into account the packaging machinery in the design stage. “Green features†that have no impact or minimal impact on the environment during the whole life cycle (design, manufacturing, assembly, use, maintenance, and disposal after disposal), so that resources are low-cost, easy to recycle, etc., to improve China's packaging machinery Core competitiveness.