Cultivation techniques of straw mushroom in "guaguandi"
A "sweet spot" cultivation of straw mushroom introduction "cultivation land" Cultivation of straw mushroom is the use of unused melon, the existing facilities, and then add some straw cover to cultivate straw mushroom. The advantages are: low cultivation cost, no need for mushroom farmers to invest in the facilities required for cultivation of straw mushrooms; the cultivation time for cultivation of straw mushrooms can be prolonged to about mid-October; loose soil and rich nutrition are more suitable for straw mushrooms. Coverage requirements; convenient management, facilities such as a three-ditch support; can improve the utilization of existing scaffolding and plastic film; can obtain higher yields and economic benefits. Second, the cultivation techniques points (a) culture materials and types and preparation methods The source of raw materials required for cultivation of straw mushroom is extensive. At present, straw, wheat straw, waste cotton, and cottonseed husks are the most commonly used. Some wastes cultivated from edible fungi can also be used to cultivate straw mushrooms. We use straw to cultivate straw mushrooms. 1, straw. To select a golden yellow, mildew-free dry straw, sun 1-2 days before use, to prevent the emergence of comatette or other miscellaneous bacteria. There are two general methods for straw processing. One is to cut straw to a length of about 5 cm, then use 3% lime water to soak for 1-2 days, and then add 2-25% of dry grass dung. During the day, the waiting temperature rose to 58-62°C for 2-4 hours. Generally about 6 kg of rice straw per square meter of cultivation area. The second method is to lay the original rice straw on a mushroom bed and expose the grass roots; then use 2% lime water to fully spray the straw to warm the mushroom room and raise the temperature to 58-62°C for 2-4 hours. It was maintained at 48-52°C for 3-4 days. Finally, cows manure or pig manure that had been sun dried and crushed to a moisture content of about 50 was covered on the straw. Straw cultivation of straw mushrooms should generally be conducted in July and August when the average temperature is 26°C. 2. Waste cotton: Waste cotton is the best culture material for straw mushroom cultivation. Waste cotton contains a lot of cellulose and the right amount of nitrogen, moisture and moisture absorption. Disposal of waste cotton: Soak it with 5-6% lime water for 12-20 hours, then scoop up and drain the excess water. When entering the bed, the moisture content of the material is about 70%. Waste cotton cultivation straw mushroom generally do not need to add other accessories. Generally, 9-13 kilograms of waste cotton are needed per square meter of cultivated area. When the temperature is high (more than 30 degrees Celsius), the thickness of the material is about 10 centimeters; when the temperature is low (below 26 degrees Celsius), the thickness of the material is about 15 percent. When planting, the material can be thickened appropriately. 3, cottonseed husk: cottonseed husk is also a good raw material for the cultivation of straw mushroom, processing cotton seed shell first exposed for 1-2 days, and then fully pre-wet, after 12-15 hours, add 5% -6% lime powder Mix 1% superphosphate, mix well and add about 70 more water. Then build a heap. The stack is 15 meters wide and 1 meter high. The stack is surrounded by plastic film and covered with straw. Heap period is generally 3-5 days, summer, the heap period can be shorter, spring, autumn heap period should be longer. Turn over 1-2 times during the process of composting, add water when turning, and keep the moisture content of the material at about 70%. 4. Mixture: Mixture is a mixture of two or more kinds of culture materials, using the advantages of various culture materials to cultivate straw mushroom. For example, in July and August, cultivated straw mushrooms should be mixed with waste cotton, straw or cottonseed hulls, and straw. Usually, 60-70% of waste cotton or 30-40% of straw of cottonseed hulls is gently mixed, so that cooling can be achieved. The purpose of ventilation. (II) Selection of venues and waste cotton soaking pools The site should be selected from the group of West Melon fields, and fields such as rapeseed and vegetables can also be selected. It is required to remove the residue, residual roots, and deciduous etc. It is convenient for drainage and irrigation. The soaking tank is selected at the head of the mushroom shed and close to the water source. (3) The length of the pot shall be 0.8-1.0 and 0.4 meters wide. The base shall be flat and the ditches shall be dug around the block. The drainage ditch should be connected with the three ditch, and it can meet the requirements of water supply when the water is dry and dry during flooding. A layer of cooked dry pig (cattle) manure is sprinkled on the enamel table, and the amount of 2250 kilograms per 1,000 square meters of cultivated area is used to increase soil nutrient and moisture retention. The soil shovel loose 3-5 cm, so that the soil and fertilizer mixing, soil particles to be fine, 2-3 days before loading, the soil surface sprayed with 2% lime water, sprayed wet every 1000 square meters into 15 kg of urea, Then cover the film for 48 hours. (D) Feeding, sowing, and earth-covering management Put the treated waste cotton into a mortar. The material length is generally 60-70 cm. The thickness of the material depends on the temperature. When the temperature is low, it is about 15 cm. When the temperature is high, 10 Centimeters or so. When the material goes to bed, it is best to choose morning and sunny weather. After the mushroom bed is covered with plastic film, the temperature can reach above 35°C until the material is ready for sowing. When the temperature is low, the coverage time is longer; when the temperature is high, the coverage time is shorter. The seeding rate is 3,400 ml per 50 kg waste cotton (1733 cm strain bag, 20 cm strain seed material, about 8 bags). When the seeds are sown, they are smashed by hand, sprinkled on the surface, and then the surrounding soil is covered on the culture material to a thickness of about 3 cm. After the soil is covered, lime water with a PH of 8-9 is used, and the soil is poured until it is soaked with a watering bucket. After not pouring, cover the plastic film and cover it with straw. (five) the fungus management does not need to ventilate the bacteria, when the mycelium like a spider web full of soil surface, you can put up the arch shed, covered with plastic film and grasshoppers. This process is generally 3-5 days. In case of high temperatures during this period, put some straw around the small shed to strengthen ventilation. (6) The management of mushrooming generally does not require direct spraying of water onto the bed. When the fruiting body size is such as soybeans and the temperature is not lower than 28°C, the membranes on both sides should be picked up to 10-15 cm. If the air is dry, spray some water around the straw. During the high temperature period, water should be poured into the ditch around the crucible, but shallow irrigation and fast drainage should be mastered. The method of “running water†should be used to increase the humidity without drastically reducing the temperature of the ground, which is beneficial to the formation of bacteria and mushrooms. (seven) mushroom mushrooming generally need to avoid wind, should prevent the wind blowing directly to the bed. Cultivation of straw mushrooms in greenhouses can generally take 2-3 waves per pole. China Agricultural Network Editor