Corn stalk bag planted with mushrooms
Corn stalks are rich in cellulose and hemicellulose and starch, sucrose, etc. They are high quality raw materials for the production of mushrooms. However, due to its compact structure and solid organization, there are disadvantages such as poor water absorption, low water capacity, low bagging yield, and difficulty in replenishing water at the end of the period in bags and mushroom management. In response to these, a variety of tests and explorations were conducted and certain results were achieved. The main "four changes": change the double-sided inoculation into single-sided vaccination; change the overall color to single-sided color change; change the full exposure and closed, semi-closed combination, so that corn stalks bags of high yield potential of mushrooms to be effective. The key technologies are introduced below. First, the raw material preparation Select fresh dry moldless corn stalk, crushed after 5 mesh sieve. Considering that corn stalks are difficult to absorb, they should be stocked overnight and then bagged the next day, otherwise sterilization will be difficult. 2. The disinfection and operation before inoculation and bacteria inoculation are the same as the ordinary methods. The difference is that the inoculation hole is used on the same line, and 4 to 5 holes are drilled. The hole depth is 1.5 to 2 meters, and the diameter of the hole is 3 to 4 cm. Seeds should be compacted at the time of inoculation and slightly protruded, sealed with a transparent adhesive tape. When the hyphae of the strains spread around to 4 to 5 cm, use a pin to drill a few holes at the tape to increase oxygen and promote bacteria. When the mycelium is over half of the bacteria bag, use a small steel nail to drill several holes in the mycelium that is 3 to 5 cm away from the mycelial growth point. When the mycelium is over 80% of the bacteria bag, the large steel nails are still 3 to 5 cm away from the mycelial growth point and several holes are drilled. At this time, the heat release from the bag has increased dramatically. About 7 to 10 days, one-way color conversion can be performed. Third, the directional coloring orientation coloration is the basis of the directional mushroom, designed to make the mycelial physiological maturity difference between the inoculation surface and other parts of the inoculum bag is more different, so that after the color change, it will be well Mushrooms and create conditions for producing more mushrooms and producing good mushrooms. The directional color conversion site should be selected in a clean room that is easy to adjust humidity and temperature control. Use a sharp blade to cut a knife 3 to 5 cm along each side of the inoculation eye. Then remove the inoculated pouch and leave the rest of the pouch in place to prevent loosening. Membrane bags are laid on the floor in a tile shape while the film is being drawn. When the natural temperature is high, the bacteria bags are isolated with wooden sticks, otherwise, the bacteria bags can be back-to-back. After the bacterium bags are laid out, the ground is irrigated with water and covered with a film. When the room temperature is lower than 20°C, additional insulation coverings must be added on the membrane. During the color change, the intra-membrane temperature was checked twice a day for timely regulation. Insulate as much as possible at 25°C to ensure a smooth color transition. Through the above process, the release surface (inoculation surface) is exposed to oxygen, breathing is strong, maturation is quick, and the color is fast. In addition, the age of the bacteria formed during the inoculation and germination process is poor, and the mushroom bag at the end of the color rotation will be oriented in a suitable temperature and humidity. IV. Directional fruiting and land-cover management After a series of treatments such as one-way inoculation and directional coloring, reach a mature surface, and then use the soil to hold water and coordinate with the reproductive physiology needs of the shiitake mushrooms, so that the corn stalks produce more mushrooms and good mushrooms. The conditions are further satisfied. After directional coloring and a small amount of mushroom buds, the soil should be covered in time. Site selection, sunny leeward, fertile soil, well-drained areas. Opening 1.2 to 1.4 meters wide, 0.05 to 0.1 meters probe, east to west, length depending on the plot may be. Leave 0.4 to 0.5 meters of aisle between cars. Put a layer of lime powder on the bottom of the car before discharging the bags. In the winter, spring and early summer, the climate is dry and should be completely covered with mushrooms. When the box is up, the mushroom faces up, and covers about 2 cm thick fine soil, so that the occurrence of mushroom bud surface has a good degree of moisture, to the summer and autumn high temperature and high humidity season, the beginning of the mushroom should be suitable for half-buried mushroom, that is, mushroom Face all exposed. In the late fruiting period, due to the thickening of the bacteria, the water-holding capacity of the bacteria bag is enhanced, and the rainy season and high humidity are added. The bag should be taken out and replaced with all dew-ground ground mushrooms. The bacterium bag is horizontally arranged in four rows in the compartment, and the spacing between the bags is not less than 3 cm. The edge of the bag is filled with sterile fine soil. The end of the row of bags poured water, and immediately take a plastic arch shed moisturizing buds, when the temperature is higher to cover the shade net; when the temperature is high, you should remove the film. After the cover is covered with soil, the bagging make-up water is obtained from the soil by osmosis. Therefore, during the fruiting period, it is necessary to combine the tides of the mushrooms to timely adjust the surface moisture, and to maintain enough moisture in the buds and growth stages. At the end of each tidal mushroom, clean the surface and stop the water for 4 to 5 days. As the nutrient of corn stalk needs to be used up by the mushroom mycelium for half a year, the mushroom bag of the spring mushroom must also last until the summer and autumn. Directional horizontal cover soil mushrooming, to avoid the out of the bag obliquely in the air mushrooming caused by too many mushrooms, mushrooms, thin mushrooms, mushroom handle too long, partial cover is not round and other ills. Eliminated the limiting factors caused by the difficulty of artificial replenishment due to the low water capacity. The bag buried in the soil, regardless of temperature, moisture or other factors, is optimized in the direction of quality mushrooms under the automatic adjustment of the soil. If the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the bag is increased, the bag can actively absorb water and even nutrients from the soil according to its physiological needs. Many microorganisms in the soil, such as bacteria that produce antibiotics, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, etc., not only reduce the occurrence of bacterial bag diseases, but also supply vitamins, amino acids, nitrogen, inorganic salts, and the like. The nutrient deficiencies and imbalances of the mushroom bag in the late stage were supplemented and adjusted. Management of the fruiting period has also been simplified. Therefore, the bioconversion rate of corn stalks in bags was increased from 55% to 135%, and the mushrooms were of neat size, solid and hypertrophy, with short round caps and deep dark color.