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High photosynthetic efficiency of corn into rice has been successful
The Institute of Genetics of the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences cooperated with Professor Morimoto of the Washington State University in the United States to introduce maize high photosynthetic gene into rice and increase rice yield by more than 30%. Plants absorb CO2 through the stomata on the leaves. Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy for photosynthesis and synthesizes carbohydrates. The photorespiration of C3 plants such as wheat and rice is strong, and a large amount of unused CO2 is released into the air again. After analysis, the utilization rate of light energy of the existing rice varieties is only 1% ∽ 1.5%, and the ideal utilization rate of light energy is 5%. C4 plants such as corn and sugar cane are high-yield crops, and photorespiration is weak. They can make full use of CO2 to synthesize more carbohydrates. The photosynthetic efficiency is 1.5∽2 times that of rice. In this study, the maize high-efficiency gene, phosphoenolpyruvate hydroxylase, was introduced into rice plants and integrated into the genome of rice, so that the high photosynthetic efficiency genes of maize were well expressed in rice and rice plant leaves were improved. The stomatal conductance improves CO2 utilization, increases photosynthetic efficiency by 50%, and increases production by more than 30%. At present, researchers are trying to import two other high-efficiency maize genes into rice at the same time to further increase the photosynthetic efficiency and yield of rice, and combine the use of heterosis to cultivate a new generation of super rice.