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Colorful salmon farming technology
Colorful squid is a very good cold water variety. Colorful squid is not only colorful (some people even feed this fish as ornamental fish), but also has a delicious taste (natural flesh is orange or orange, crystal clear, taste is smooth and tender), and grows fast (higher growth rate than rainbow trout). 10%~20%, which is 20%~30% higher than that of the Arctic red snapper. It has great market potential and good economic returns. Through observations, explorations, experiments, and researches on colorful carp in the breeding process in recent years, people have summarized a series of more mature methods and technologies such as “acclimation, disease prevention, and new species hybridizationâ€. Introduced as follows. The native species of colorful salmon is located in the Labrador area in eastern Canada. Since most of the water systems in northeastern North America are connected, traces of colorful squid can be seen in the waters of eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. Therefore, it is believed that the original habitat of colorful squid is also insufficient in the northeast region of North America. odd. Compared with other squid or squid, the characteristics of the colorful squid are unique and very easy to distinguish. There is no black spot on the back of the squid on the back of the colorful squid, but it is covered with a scalloped olive green pattern. Because the fish scales are so small, many people think that the colorful squid is a scaleless fish. The numerous rouge-colored red dots on the fish are embedded in azure rings that are as glamorous as the Queen's jewelry. Therefore, the colorful carp is known in Canada as the queen of ice water. Under the fins of the colorful carp, there is a milky white skirt. Although this white side is one of the main differences between carp and other carp, the white side of the carp is brighter and brighter than other carp. Different seasons or different regions will have a certain influence on the color of the colorful squid. Colorful squid that live in the ocean or deep in the lake, the body color is very light, almost silvery white. The colourful fish that live in streams or rivers are very colorful. This is mainly due to the fact that the acid content in the river water is relatively high (ie, the pH is low), while the seawater or lake water contains high alkali content (ie, the pH is high). Among all squid strains, the colorful squid has a strong adaptability to environmental changes. Especially when the temperature and pH of the water drastically change, it has a strong adaptive ability. Although the optimal growth water temperature for colorful salmon is between 13°C and 18°C, its survival temperature range is between 1°C and 22°C. However, it can survive for hours even when the water temperature exceeds 25.6°C. However, if the water temperature is below 7°C for a long time, the growth of the colorful carp is almost in a state of stagnation. Adults in this environment generally do not exceed 15 to 20cm. The adaptability range of pH value of the color catfish was between pH 4.8 and 9.8. The lowest pH = 3.5. Therefore, in a body of water of such high acidity, the colorful squid may be the only surviving cold-water species. Colorful squids do not like the deep environment. Although she can adapt to very deep water levels, she rarely swims below 4-6 m even in reservoirs or lakes (unless the water surface temperature is quite high). During the course of my study at Cornell University’s Aquaculture Laboratory, I noticed that when the color of a rainbow trout seedling grows to a length of 5 cm, a depth of about 40 cm is appropriate (including adult fish). The flow rate of water should not be too fast. Compared with other catfish, the colorful carp prefers low-flow waterways. For example, the seedlings prefer a flow rate of about 16 cm per second, fingerlings (fingers of approximately finger length) prefer a flow rate of about 15 to 55 cm per second, and fishes prefer a lower flow rate of about 10 cm per second. Colorful squid is very complex and eats anything. But seldom eat small fish unless the fish are weak. Professor Michael of Cornell University once said, “For over 30 years, I dissected and observed thousands of wild colorful squid. I rarely found that they had small fish in the stomach, unless there were fewer insects in the winter. under". The colorful squid is not very picky about the ingredients of the feed. It can be said that what she feeds her is what she eats, and her appetite is extremely high. Therefore, it is also an ideal variety for leisure fishing. In the ideal conditions of water quality and temperature, the colorful carp grows very quickly. In general, it can reach 1.2~1.5kg in the second year. After the third year, the growth rate started to slow down and rarely reached 4~5kg. If it is in a reservoir or a lake, it can grow to more than 5kg, and there are records that have exceeded 7kg, but it is rarely seen. Colorful squid is the smallest of all squid strains. It usually matures in two years, but it matures in a few years or matures in three years. Spawning period in the fall, 2 to 4 months earlier than rainbow trout. Depending on the geographical environment, the spawning period may be slightly later or earlier. When the spawning period comes, the white edges of the fins of the fins are brighter and the colors of the body are more beautiful. Especially the male fish, the jaws are curled up like a sharp blade and wearing a red-colored shirt, which is extremely powerful and majestic. Every three or four weeks before the arrival of the spawning period, the color of the male body began to become more vivid, and the teeth of the lower lip became more prominent and sharper as the mandible gradually ascended. In the natural environment, males in the mating period have a strong sense of "territory" and a sense of "guarding their wives." And (in the process of mating) implement a strict "monogamy" system. Although the males are inevitably fighting in the process of choosing and fighting for the "bride," they generally do not fight you to death. After the female has chosen a good spawning site, use a powerful tail to dig a round pit. Females are inseminated at any time while spawning. At this time the male fish is extremely aggressive and must not allow other fish to approach. When collecting eggs manually, it is better to use anesthetic eggs. This will not harm the broodstock or the eggs. The specific method of operation is to prepare a large cylinder of clear water, and then adjust the right amount of anesthetic, the broodstock is put into the tank and lose consciousness after about 3 to 5 minutes. At this time, the beginning of egg harvesting will not only harm the fish, and it will not be laborious. The efficiency can be greatly improved, and the survival rate of the eggs and broodstock after birth is very high. After the egg is picked up, the broodstock is put back into the clear water tank and it can be revived after about 5 minutes. The development of fish eggs after fertilization is not much different from other salmon. At a water temperature of 7°C, the membrane can be broken in about 45 days, and at a water temperature of 3°C, the membrane rupture time is about 160 days. After membrane rupture, seedlings grow by absorbing nutrients from their oocysts. When the oocysts are about to be depleted, feeding of open bait is started. It is very important to accurately grasp the timing of feed feeding to improve the survival rate of seedlings. There are about 25 kinds of microbial pathogens that can cause the disease of colorful carp. These include 5 species of flukes, 4 species of aphids, 4 species of nematodes, 2 species of thorny worms, 1 species of copepods, 5 species of virgin organisms, 2 species of bacteria, and 2 species of fungi. However, these microorganisms do not generally cause severe damage to the colorful squid, unless the fish are subjected to excessive pressure under certain special environmental conditions, such as excessive water temperature, low dissolved oxygen, excessive water contamination, and so on. Any of these three situations will cause the epidemic of gill disease caused by bacteria. However, once the environmental factors have improved and the fish's stress is reduced, this epidemic disease will soon diminish. In environments where fish ponds are relatively wide, stocking densities are relatively large, and water flow rates are relatively slow, colorful carp is more susceptible to tsutsugamushi disease, and generally only females can infect this disease. Male fish usually do not become infected. The site of infection is usually in the cervix or fin, and sometimes people call this disease sputum. To avoid the epidemic, increasing the water flow rate is an ideal way to prevent the disease. Colorful salmon are rarely infected with two or more diseases at the same time. In general, to avoid the occurrence or epidemic of any disease, the best way is to develop a habit of regular disinfection and insecticide, and to implement regular disinfection and insecticide as a daily rule and regulations. Crossing with other squid with colorful squid can get better and unexpected results. People have conducted cross-breeding experiments with colorful salmon and rainbow trout or goldfish. The test was divided into two groups. The first group was male rainbow trout and female colorful rainbow trout hybrid; the second group was the opposite, that is, male and female rainbow trout hybrid. These two groups hybridized slightly differently after hatching. The fish of the first group of hybrids had no difference in color and characteristics from the rainbow trout, only a short, white edge was visible at the bottom of the fins, but its flesh quality was better than rainbow trout, and the colorful trout The same meat quality. The color of the meat (without any food coloring in the feed) is orange or orange, crystal clear, and smooth and tender. The growth rate is not significantly different from that of rainbow trout, but the disease resistance is slightly stronger than rainbow trout. The fish hatched in the second group was lighter in color, with a squiggly light-colored marking on the body, and the white edges at the bottom of the fins were clearly visible. Strong disease resistance, the growth rate is significantly faster than rainbow trout. The meat is the same as the colorful carp. Therefore, the experimental results show that the new varieties obtained by crossing the hybrids of rainbow trout (male) and rainbow trout (female) will have great potential for promotion. However, further observation, research and experimentation are still needed for this work.