Wheat: After basal fertilizer is applied, deep ploughing and top dressing can produce high yields.

Wheat nutritional properties

The average medium fertility level requires about 3 kg of nitrogen, 1.0 to 1.5 kg of phosphorus, and 2.5 to 3.1 kg of potassium per 100 kg of wheat grain. The absorption rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different growth periods of wheat is different. Nitrogen absorption has two peaks, one is from tillering to winter, and the amount of nitrogen uptake in this period is 13.5% of total absorption, which is a period of rapid population development; the other is from jointing to booting, and nitrogen is absorbed during this period. The amount of 37.3% of the total absorption is the period with the most nitrogen absorption. The absorption of phosphorus and potassium generally increases with the growth of wheat. The absorption rate after jointing increases rapidly, and more than 40% of the phosphorus and potassium nutrients are absorbed after the booting.

Although wheat absorbs a small amount of trace elements such as zinc, boron, manganese, copper and molybdenum, it plays an important role in the growth and development of wheat. In the wheat seedling stage and grain maturity stage, zinc nutrition should be enhanced; manganese has a greater influence on the growth of wheat leaves and stems; boron is mainly distributed on the tops of leaves and stems; boron-deficient plants are delayed in growth period, and stamens and stamens are not well developed. Normal pollination, and finally withering is not strong.

Wheat Fertilization Technology

Base fertilizer application. "The rich wheat is rich and the basic fertilizer is the foundation." For a wheat field with a slightly sticky texture, strong fertility, and no irrigation conditions, all fertilizers can be applied as a base fertilizer at one time, commonly known as "one shelling." The specific method is to apply full amount of organic fertilizer, 2/3 nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers to the ground surface, and then deep plowing immediately. After cultivating, the remaining fertilizer is sprinkled on the steamed buns, and then it is dumped into the soil. For sandy soil or irrigated land with poor fertilizer retention performance, sub-fertilizers can be used for re-using basal fertilizer and applying top-dressing. That is, 2/3 of the nitrogen fertilizer and all of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, and the remaining nitrogen fertilizers are used as top dressings. Fertilizer application is the most economical and effective fertilization method. Generally, 2~3kg of urea per mu, or 8~10kg of superphosphate, can also be used about 10kg of compound fertilizer.

Fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, but also can be used for seed dressing. When used as a basal fertilizer, it is difficult to spread evenly because of the small amount of the basal fertilizer. After mixing it with the fine soil, the ground surface is spread and the soil is ploughed. When zinc and manganese fertilizers are used for seed dressing, 2 to 6 g of zinc sulfate and 0.5 to 1 g of manganese sulfate are used per kilogram of seed, which is sown immediately after seed dressing.

Top dressing application. Coinciding top dressing is an important measure to obtain high yield in wheat. It is advisable to top-dress fertilizer more often before the winter, often saying that “it is not as good as it is during the year.” Most of the chase fertilizers are used to topdressing nitrogen fertilizers. However, when the base fertilizers are not applied with phosphate fertilizers and potash fertilizers, and phosphorus and potassium are insufficient in the soil supply, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be topdressed appropriately. For high-yielding fields with insufficient potassium, 150kg of ash can be applied before winter. For wheat fields with sufficient fertilizer, avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, and the top dressing time should not be too late. Otherwise, it may cause late-maturing glutinous rice, resulting in reduced yield.

Spray fertilizer out of the roots. Root-spraying fertilizer is an effective fertilization method to supplement the nutritional deficiency of wheat in the later period. Due to the inconvenience of topdressing in the late wheat field, the absorption capacity of the root system decreases with the growth period. Therefore, if the fertigation material must be traced later in wheat growth, foliar spraying may be used, which is also an emergency measure to increase wheat yield.

(National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center Gao Xiangzhao)

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