Phosphate fertilizer and its characteristics

Phosphorus fertilizer refers to a unit fertilizer with the indicated amount of phosphorus (P) to provide plant phosphorus as its main function.

Different phosphate fertilizers have different characteristics:

1, water-soluble phosphate fertilizer. Mainly through the general pass calcium phosphate, heavy superphosphate and ammonium phosphate (monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate), suitable for all kinds of soil, all kinds of crops, but it is best used in neutral and calcareous soil. Ammonium phosphate is a compound nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer, and its phosphorus content is high, which is 3 to 4 times that of nitrogen. When applied, except for leguminous crops, most crops must be directly applied with nitrogen fertilizer to adjust nitrogen and phosphorus ratios. Otherwise, it will cause waste or reduce production due to improper proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus.

2, miscible phosphate fertilizer. Phosphate nitrate fertilizer, which is also a binary compound fertilizer of nitrogen and phosphorus, is most suitable for application in dry land. It can easily cause denitrification loss in paddy fields and acidic soils.

3, arrested soluble phosphate. Including calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, calcium hydrogen phosphate, precipitated phosphate fertilizer and steel slag phosphate fertilizer. This type of phosphate fertilizer is insoluble in water, but it is dissolved in the soil by weak acids and absorbed by crops. In calcareous alkaline soils, calcium is combined with soil and converted to insoluble phosphoric acid to reduce the effectiveness of phosphorus. Therefore, it is suitable for application in acidic soils.

4, insoluble phosphate fertilizer. Such as rock phosphate, bone meal and phosphorus sea bird fat, etc., only soluble in strong acid, insoluble in water. After being applied to the soil, it is mainly dissolved in the soil to make it dissolve slowly and become a form that the crop can use. The fertilizer effect is very slow, but the aftereffect is long. Suitable for acidic soils used as a base fertilizer, but also with the organic fertilizer heap rot or with the chemical acidic, physiological acid fertilizer with the application, the effect is better.

Phosphate fertilizer distribution in rotation:

1, paddy field rotation for phosphate fertilizer distribution. In rice-rice continuous cropping, phosphorus fertilizers are mainly used for early rice, and late rice is used less or not. Because the temperature at the early stage of early rice growth, the ability of the soil to provide phosphorus is weak, such as the application of base fertilizer phosphate deficiency will affect the early emergence of seedlings. In phosphorus-deficient paddy fields, the ratio of phosphate fertilizer distribution in early and late rice is suitable for 2:1. In a paddy field with less phosphorus deficiency, all of the phosphorus fertilizers can be applied to early rice, and late rice can be used later.

2. The dry-plow rotation is used for the distribution of phosphate fertilizer. Rotations between paddy and dry land usually refer to crop rotations of wheat, rapeseed, green manure and single-season or double-season rice. When paddy soils are changed from dryland conditions to flooding conditions, they can promote the release of available phosphorus and increase the spread of phosphorus, thereby increasing the supply of phosphorus in soil. Phosphate fertilizers should be used for dry cultivation first, and the same amount of phosphate fertilizer can be increased. Agricultural products.

3, dryland rotation phosphate fertilizer distribution. In dry crop rotations, due to different winter and summer temperatures, the amount of phosphorus released from the soil varies widely. In winter, temperatures are low, soil phosphorus is released less, summer temperatures are higher, and soil phosphorus is released more. Phosphate fertilizer should be used in winter cropping. When legume crops or green manure and food crops are rotated, phosphorus fertilizers should be used mainly on leguminous or green manures, which can promote nitrogen fixation and achieve the purpose of promoting nitrogen by phosphorus.

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