Natural selection rules

Release date: 2012-09-24

A research project led by CNIO scientists clarified how tissues and organs choose the "best" cells, and how "bad" cells cause disease. Scientists from the National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) in Spain have described natural selection at the cellular level, and the study clarifies how our body tissues and organs struggle to retain the best cells in order to fight the disease. The results of the study were published in the new issue of Cell Reports. The study was carried out at the CNIO by Eduardo Moreno of the University of Bern, Switzerland. Recent studies have shown that Charles Darwin's natural selection also exists at the cellular level, and tissues and organs in our body strive to retain and maintain the best-performing cells in order to fight the disease. Even though the genetic material of pancreatic cells and skin cells are exactly the same, pancreatic cells perform completely different functions from skin cells. Pancreatic cells mainly secrete insulin, and skin cells have a barrier function. A person contains more than 200 different cell types. Although emerging cells can maintain their functioning properly in natural competition, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms required to sustain this natural competitiveness have not been fully elucidated. They conducted research using the most widely used animal model, the fruit fly, and the results have confirmed that cells compete with other cells at different stages to better maintain their own functions. The main author of the paper, Fidel Lolo, believes that the main contribution of this study is the first demonstration of the role of blood cells in the elimination of cell residues in the lymphatic circulation. The co-author of the paper, Sergio Casas-Tintó, added that the results of this study suggest that blood cells eliminate the genes necessary for phagocytosis, not the genes necessary for inferior apoptosis in competition. According to Eduardo Moreno, the study reveals that phagocytosis is not the cause of cell death, but rather the result of cell death, but more research is needed to determine this.

Source: Bio Valley

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